ʻO ka mea iʻikeʻia he 933,000 mau'onike troy (ozs) o ka rhodium i hoʻoheheʻeʻia ma ka honua a puni i ka makahiki 2014, a heʻehā pakeneka e emi mai i ka nui o nā huahana o ka honua mai kahi makahiki aku nei.
ʻO ka emiʻana o ka hana hana pōhaku he hapa nui ia i ka poʻe hana lōʻihi i South Africa,ʻo ia hoʻi he 70,000 mau minia a hoʻomaha i ka hanaʻana i nā mīkini hui nui nui (PGM) no kahi kokoke iʻeono mahina.
ʻO ka emiʻana o ke kumulāhua rhodium mai nā mines, akā, ua hoʻopauʻia kekahi hapa o ka piʻiʻana he 14 pakeneka i ka'ōpili'ōpili i hoʻopauʻia mai ka hopena o nā ola. Nā waihona kumuhana i hoʻopukaʻia no ka hapakolu o ka hana makahiki o ke kinona.
Ma kahi o 70 pakeneka o nā mea waiwai a pau i hanaʻia i ka hanaʻana i nā mea hoʻolālāʻekolu,ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻemiʻia ai nā'ōmole kalapala pālolo mai nā kaʻa uila a me nā motika.
ʻO nā meaʻoihanaʻoihana he 9 aʻoi aku o nā pōhaku i heluʻia no kahi 700,000 auneke o ka hana a rhodium aʻekolu hapahā o ka nui o nā huahana o ka honua i ka makahiki 2014.
ʻO nāʻikepili helu waihona i hōʻikeʻia me nā inoa o nā hui ma lalo nei ua hōʻuluʻuluʻia mai nā pūʻulu makahiki makahiki i loaʻa mai i nā pūnaewele mea hoʻokumu, a ua hoʻokumuʻia ma nā hopena huahana pili waiwai o ka makahiki 2014.
01 Amplats - 229,400ʻOni
Me ka hoʻopiliʻana o kaʻoihana Koi ma lalo o 20 pakeneka mai ka makahiki 2013,ʻo Anglo American Platinum Ltd ('Amplats') ka mea nui loa o ka honua i hoʻonāukiuki i ka mea hoʻoheheʻeʻia, kahi kokoke i kahi hapahā o ka hana honua.
Ke hana nei nā Amplats iʻewalu minina ma Aferika Hema a me Zimbabwe aʻo ia ka mea nui loa o ka honua i hoʻonāukiuki i ka platinum a me ka meaʻoihana nui loa o ka palladium. ʻO ka Ore mai nā mines o nā hui i puhiʻia ma kekahi o nāʻaila'Ālalaʻekolu ma'Akelika Hema.
Ke poʻokela nei ka pūʻulu ma Johannesburg,'Akelika Hema a ua kūʻaiʻia ma ke Kelepaʻi o Johannesburg (JSE).
02 Aiai - 157,000 Ounces
Ma muli o ka hopena o ka hopenaʻeono mahina ma South African, uaʻikeʻo Impala Platinum (Implats) i ka haʻawina huahua'ōpala he 33 ma kahi o 30 pakeneka mai ka makahiki 2013.
Nā papahana e pili ana i ka Bushveld Complex ma'Akelika Hema a me ka moku nuiʻo Dyke o Zimbabwe.
ʻO kēia mau'oniu, a me nā mea mai nā pūnaeweleʻekolu, ua hanaʻia ma ka mea uila o Impala Refining Services (IRS), aia ma waho o Johannesburg.
ʻO ka Implats ka mea nui loa o ka honua o ka platinum a me ke kolu o ka mea hana nui loa o ka palladium .
03 Norilsk Nickel - 91,000 Ounces
ʻO Norilsk Nickel, ka mea i unuhi i ka hapanui o kona mau metala mai ka nickel ores i hanaʻia ma Rūkia'okia, ua hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hanaʻana o nā rhodium ma o 10 mau pakeneka i ka makahiki 2014 no ka nele i nā mea mai'Akelika Hema.
ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana ma luna o ka'āinaʻO nā mea waiwai nui nā kumuhana rhodium-i hāʻawiʻia Norilsk e hoʻonui ai i ka lawaʻana.
Honolulu, Norilsk ka mea nui i hana i ka nickel a me ka palladium, a me ka mea hana nui o platinum, copper , a me ka cobalt .
04 Lonmin - 78,400 Ounces
ʻO kekahi huiʻoihana PGM oʻAmelika a me ka poʻe Pelekikena,ʻo Lonmin Plc's Marikana ka hana ma kaʻaoʻao komohana o ka Bushveld Complex.
ʻOiai nā hana a ka poʻe limahana, uaʻike waleʻo Lonmin i ka emi ikiʻana o nā huahana rhodium ma waena o 2013 a 2014, mai 80,900'auakese i 78,400 mau'unekani.
ʻO nā hana pāʻani o PGM i kona Marikana smelter ma mua o ka hoʻounaʻiaʻana no ka kaʻawaleʻana. Laweʻia nā metale base, ma kahi o ka platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium , a me iridium .
05ʻAla Pelekane - 35,227ʻOhe
He huiʻoihanaʻenehana nui nāʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa (ARM) i kūkuluʻia ma'Akelika Hema e hana ana i ka hao, manganese, chrome, PGM, copper, nickel, a me nā lāhu ahi.
Hoʻopukaʻia ka papahana o nā kamaliʻi maiʻekoluʻoihana hui pūnaewele: (1) ka Modute Mine (41.5% ka waiwai), kahi hui pū me nā Amplats, (2) nā mokuʻelua (55% waiwai, kahi hui like me nā kiʻi, 3),ʻo ka'akena Komomati (50% kuleana), noho pū me Norilsk Nickel Afrika.
Hanaʻia ka huaʻano hanaʻia o ka ARM i kahi 35,000 mau ounce i ka makahiki 2014, ke emi iki mai ka makahiki i hala.
06 Iwa Waiwai - 33,700 Ounces
ʻO ka mea hana nui loa o ka platinum a me ka palladium ma waho o'Akelika Hema a me Rusia,ʻo Waiwai Waiwai Waiwai wale nōʻo ia ka mea lawelawe ma US.
Akā,ʻo ka waiwai o ka'ōpili o ka Hui, ua pili loa i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea catalytic converters a me nā mea hana'ē aʻe. Hanaʻia kēia mau mea ma kahi mea puhi ma Columbus, Montana.
I ka makahiki 2014, hoʻokahe ka waiwai hoʻoheheʻeʻia o Koi ma ka liʻiliʻi he 30 pakeneka i 33,700 iuneke ma muli o ka hopena o ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea hana hou. ʻO ka heluʻana i ka heluʻana i ka heluʻana o nā kumukūʻai o nā puʻu kumukūʻai o ka puʻuwai kila he $ 1059 no kēlā a me kēia kālā.
07 Northam Platinum - 31,000 Ounces
ʻO Northam Platinum kekahi mea hana'ē aʻe o ka PGM ma South African me kāna mau hana e pili ana i ka Complex Bushveld.
ʻO ka hana hana lima ma Northamʻaʻole i like me ka hopena nui o ka paʻi o ka makahiki 2014 no ka hopena o ka hapa nui o nā limahana o kaʻahahui e piliʻole ana i nā uniana hoʻokūkū.
No laila, ua hoʻonuiʻia nā kumukūʻai oʻAna i 31,000 mau'onike, mai ka 25,000 wale nō i ka makahiki 2013. Hoʻokumu kēia i Northam i kahi kūlana, Aquarius Platinum i hala, ma luna o nā papahana papahana 10 he nui no ka makahiki.
Nānā:ʻO nā helu helu no Northam Platinum e kauʻia ana ma ka kūʻaiʻana i nāʻoihana kūʻai.
08 Aquarius Platinum - 28,324ʻOhana
Ke hana neiʻo Aquarius Platinum iʻelua mau loina likeʻole i ka Bushveld Complex:ʻo ke Kroondal a me Mimosa mines.
ʻO ke Kroondal koʻu he 50:50 wai a me kaʻaha like me nā Amplats, ka pūpū nui loa o ka honua a me ka mea kumuhana gula. ʻOiai ka Mimosa Mine he 50:50 pūnaewele hui pū me ka meaʻoi aku nui loa o ka papaʻo iaʻo Impala.
Hoʻokomo pūʻo Aquarius i kahi keʻena hoʻolaha o Platinum Mile kahi i laweʻia mai ai nā metale o ka platinum mai nā piko a me nā mea hoʻonele mai ka platinum a me nā minine chrome .
Nānā:ʻO nā huahana Palladium no ka Aquarius Platinum e pili ana i nā hana i pili i ka hui.
09 Glencore - 15,000'Ounu
He mea hana nui i ke keleawe a me ka zinc , laweʻo Glencore i nā PGM mai nā'eina'Eland a me Mototolo ma'Akelika Hema, a mai ka nickel sulfide ores ma ke kīhāpaiʻo Sudbury.
Loaʻaʻia nā mines a me ka South African ma hope o ka huiʻo Glencore me Xstrata i ka makahiki 2013. Ua hoʻohanaʻiaʻo Mototolo kaʻu ma keʻano he hui pū ma waena o Glencore a me Amplats.
Ua hōʻike aku ka hui i 15,000 mau'unema o ka waiwai rhodium i ka makahiki 2014, i hoʻololiʻoleʻia mai ka makahiki ma mua.