ʻO kēia mau kūlana hanohano e kokoke kokoke ana kekahi i kekahi ma kahi papaʻaina
ʻO kēia mau kūlana hanohano e kokoke kokoke ana kekahi i kekahi ma ka papaʻaina, a ua kapaʻia lākou he "mau hoʻoili hoʻololi." Hiki iā lākou ke māhele houʻia i lalo o nā hui: nā huila platinum rōpū (IPGEs) a me nā mea hui pūlaula palladium (PPGE).
ʻO nā PGMʻeono:
- Iridium (Ir)
- ʻO Osmium (Os)
- Palladium (Pd)
- Pākuʻi (Pt)
- Hana (Rh)
- Ruthenium (Ru)
ʻO ka IPGE nā māmā,'odium, a me ruthenium, aʻo ka PPGE he mau mea ia, he pulatinum, a heʻano palladium.
Nā Pūʻulu o nā Metal PūʻuluʻOle
ʻO Platinum ka mea iʻike nui loaʻia o kēia hui o nā metala, no ka hapa nui i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea hana hana. He paona, kūpaʻa a paʻaʻole, a hoʻohana nuiʻia i nā lako a me nā lako loea.
ʻO Palladium he mea momona, maʻalahi keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe no kona mau mea catalytic. He wahi kiʻekiʻe kona kiʻekiʻe akāʻo ka helu hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa o nā PGM a pau.
Hoʻohanaʻia ka platinum a me ka palladium e like me nā mea hoʻohālikelike,ʻo ia hoʻi ka piʻi wikiwikiʻana o nā mea i hanaʻia me ka hoʻoikaikaʻoleʻana i ka hana.
ʻO Iridium, iʻikeʻia i ka meaʻoi loa aku kaʻinoʻino a me ke kūpaʻa, hiki ke pale i nā paʻakai, nā meaʻaila a me nā kohekela, akā e hoʻopiliʻia e ka sodium chloride a me ka sodium cyanide.
He piʻi kiʻekiʻe kona a he kūʻokoʻa ia i ka hoʻololiʻana, e lilo ana ia i mea hoʻoikaika ikaika.
Heʻoi aku ka paʻakikī a me ka paʻakikī o kaʻoihana a me ka iridium e hana me ka mea,ʻoiaiʻo nā paʻahana kemikona o kēia mau metaleʻelua ua hoʻoiliʻia i loko o kekahi mau pono hana. Hoʻohanaʻia ke kenele he mea hoʻomehana a he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kona.
Loaʻa iā ia kahi kūlana haʻahaʻa kūmole a me kahi kūpaʻa kūpaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka pale.
ʻO ka Ruthenium a me ka osmium he paʻakikī a paʻakikī, a he kūponoʻole ka paleʻana i ka wai oxidation, akā, he mau mea nui me nā mea hoʻohui a me nā mea hana.
Nā noi no Platinum Group Metals
Hoʻohana pinepineʻia nā PGM e like me nā mea hōʻeuʻeu no ko lākou loiloi paʻapaʻa, akā,ʻaʻole lākou i kaupalenaʻia i kēia hana. Wahi a ka Hui Hui Pūnaeweleʻo International Platinum (IPA), hoʻokahi hapaha o nā waiwai a pau i hanaʻia i loko o ka PGM a i loko o kekahi PGM he kī nui i ka hanaʻana.
ʻO kekahi mauʻano o nā hoʻohana hope e hoʻohanaʻia: he mau mea hoʻohālikelike no kaʻoihanaʻaila (palladium a platinum), i nā mea hana pākīpika a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau (iridium a platinum), heʻoki no nā manamana lima a me DNA (osmium), i ka hanaʻana o ka waikawa nitric (nā pōhaku), a me nā kinikona, e like me ka holoiʻana i nā wai, nā pale, a me nā ruthenium.
Nā Kūlana o ka Metalum Group Metals
Paʻapala | Palladium | Kamali | ʻO Iridium | Ruthenium | ʻO Osmium | |
| Hōʻailona Hua | Pt | Pd | Rh | ʻOi | Holo | ʻO Os |
| Ke kuhikuhina (g / cm 3 ) | 21.45 | 12.02 | 12.41 | 22.65 | 12.45 | 22.61 |
| Wahi hoʻolālā (° C) | 1,769 | 1,554 | 1,960 | 2,443 | 2,310 | 3,050 |
| ʻO ka paʻakikī Vickers no. * | 40 | 40 | 101 | 220 | 240 | 350 |
| ʻO ke kuʻina o ka mana (microhm.cm ma ka 0 ° C) | 9.85 | 9.93 | 4.33 | 4.71 | 6.80 | 8.12 |
| Ke kaohi maʻamau (watts / mika / ° C | 73 | 76 | 150 | 148 | 105 | 87 |
| Kaha ikaika * (kg / mm 2 ) | 14 | 17 | 71 | 112 | 165 | - |