ʻO kaʻoi aku o kaʻumi keu o kaʻene zinc
Wahi a ka International Leaders & Zinc Study Group, ua hoʻokomoʻia ka zinc maʻemaʻeʻia i ka 12.8 miliona toni (aiʻole 28 miliona paona) i ka makahiki 2013.
ʻO ka nui o nā zinc nui he 10,8 miliona ka nui aʻo 45% o ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO nā kumukūʻaiʻumikumamāiwa nui loa,ʻo ia nā lālāʻelua e hōʻeuʻeu ana i kā lākou mauʻona pono'ī, a me nā mea hoʻolimalima e kūʻai mai ana mai nā minena kūʻokoʻa. I nā manawa he nui, hoʻohana nā mea hoʻoheheʻe i kā lākou pono'ī a me nā lako lako hoʻoulu uila.
ʻO kaʻikepili ma lalo nei ua hōʻuluʻuluʻia mai ka hui pūnaewele a me ka hōʻike pūnaewele e loaʻa mai ana mai nā mea hana pūnaewele (e pili ana i nā huahana o nā hui waiwai 2013).
ʻO nā huahana huahana no kēlā me kēia hui, i hōʻikeʻia e like me ka nui o ka hana zinc, hiki ke loaʻa ma ka inoa o ka hui a hōʻikeʻia i nā kilotona (1kt).
Nota: 1kt e like ana i 1,000 tone metric.
01 Korea Zinc Group (Korea) - 1100kt
I hoʻokumuʻia i ka makahiki 1974,ʻo Korea Zinc Co. Ltd. ke kāpili kenehana nuiʻole loa o Korea aʻo ka mea nui loa o ka hoʻokumu i ka zinc. ʻO ka Onsan smelter ka mea i hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia i 550,000 tononi o ka zinc ma ka makahiki 2013, aiʻoleʻehā pākēneka o ka hana zinc ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, e lilo ia i mea nui loa ma ka honua. Ma waho o ka zinc,ʻo Korea Zinc kekahi mea nui nui o ke poʻo , keleawe , gula, indium, nickel , bismuth , gallium , a me cadmium.
Ka pūnaewele pūnaewele: www.koreazinc.co.kr
02 Nyrstar (Switzerland) - 1073kt
No ka loaʻaʻana o kahi 1 miliona tons of zinc i ka makahiki 2013, ua heluʻiaʻo Nyrstar ma kahi oʻehiku pakeneka o ka hoʻopiʻi zinc maʻemaʻe honua. ʻO kaʻoihanaʻoihana nui loa o ka hui e komo pū ana me ka mea puhi Balen ma Belgium, ke kanuʻo Budel zinc ma Netherlands, a hoʻokipaʻo Hobart i'Ateliala, a he mau puka hana i nā wahi kokoke i 280,000 tononi.
Ka pūnaewele pūnaewele: www.nyrstar.com
03 Hindustan Zinc (India) - 764kt
Hoʻohuiʻia i ka makahiki 1966,ʻo Hindustan Zinc Limited ke kahakaha nei i ka nui o nā zinc nui ma ka honua ma Rampura Agucha, Rajasthan. ʻO wau wale nō, ua heluʻia he 747kt o zinc (ʻoi aʻe ma mua o elima hapa o ka hana honua) i ka makahiki 2013. Aia nā poʻe o ka hui ma Chanderiya, Debari, a me Dariba.
Kamupene Pūnaewele: http://www.hzlindia.com
04 Glencore Xstrata (Switzerland) - 651 kap
Hoʻokumuʻia me ka hui pū me Glencore plc me Xstrata i ka makahiki 2013,ʻo Glencore Xstrata (i kapaʻiaʻo Glecore) ka meaʻoihana nui loa o ka honua. I ka makahiki 2013, ua hoʻolimalima ka hui i 1,221kt o ka mea hoʻokumu i nā mines ma Kanada, Kazakhstan, a me Kelemānia. He 69 pakeneka kaʻoihana i ka hui ma Kazzinc, ka mea nui loa o ka mea zinc ma Kazakhstan, i hoʻomaʻemaʻe waleʻia ma luna o 300,000 tononi o ke kola i ka makahiki 2013.
Kamupene Pūnaewele: www.glencore.com
05 Votorantim (Brazil) - 577kt
ʻO ka hapa o ka Hui Pelekane Brazilʻo Votorantim Group,ʻo Votorantim Metais ka mea nāna i hana a lawelawe i ka Cavisamar Zilla Refinery ma Peru, a he loaʻa kaʻoihanaʻoihana o 300,000 tons o zinc ma ka makahiki. Ua loaʻa i ka hui i ka zinc Amerika e hoʻololi hou ana i ka Zinc Zinc i ka 2007. I ka makahiki 2013, ua hoʻokumuʻia ka Vtechrantim Metal i 577kt o ka zinc maʻemaʻe.
ʻO ka hui pūnaewele: www.vmetais.com.br
06 Boliden (Sweden) - 456kt
ʻO New Boliden kekahi kamupene mililani Swedish i hoʻokumuʻia i ka makahiki 1931 e hoʻopuka ana i ke keleawe, zinc, alakaʻi, gula, a me ke kālā . Aia aʻoihana ka hui i Kokkola zinc smelter ma Finelani, a ua lilo i kahi kokoke i 70 pakeneka o kaʻoihana hoʻoheheʻeʻia o ka hui i ka makahiki 2013 aʻo ka Odda zinc smelter ma Norway.
Paena pūnaewele: www.boliden.com
07ʻO Shaanxi Mea Kūikawā Loa (China) - 404kt
ʻO ShaanxiʻO ka MānanaʻOiʻole ka mea nui loaʻo Zinc. ʻO Hanzhong Zinc Industry Co. Ltd. ka mālamaʻana i nā hanana i loko o Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province, a me Shaanxi Zinc Industry Co.. Ua hua aku ka Mianxian i 340kt o ka zinc i ka makahiki 2013, aʻo ia ke ono o ka zinc nui loa i lawe mai iaʻu i kēlā makahiki.
Pūnaewele pūnaewele: www.yousergroup.com
08 Kekini (Kanada) - 293kt
Ke hana neiʻo Teck iʻelua o nāʻelima zinc nui loa ma ka honua. ʻO ka Ula Ula i Alaskaʻo ia ka luakona nui loa o ka zinc,ʻo ka helu helu 530kt o ka zinc i ka makahiki 2013,ʻoiai ka Antamina mine ma Peru i heluʻia he 278kt i kēlā makahiki. ʻAʻole naʻeʻo ka hui e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hao a me ka hana i hanaʻia ma kāna mau mines. ʻO kahi hana palekanaʻo Teck wale nō aia ma ka pūnaewele hanahana o Trail, BC.
Paena pūnaewele o www.teck.com
09 China Minmetals Corp. (China) - 285kt
Ua hoʻokomoʻia kaʻenehana metadata China Chinese Minmetals Corp i ka hanaʻana i nā mea likeʻole, e like me ke keleawe, ka aluminika , ka tungsten , ka tin , ka antimony , ke kēpau, ka zinc, ka honua honua, a me ka nickel. I ka makahiki 2013, hoʻohuiʻia ka 450kt o zinc, ma ka pūnaewele Zhuzhou o ka mokuʻo Hunan.
Ka pūnaewele pūnaewele: www.minmetals.com
10 Noranda Income Fund (Canada) - 270kt
ʻO ka Noranda Income Fund he mea hōʻoia kālā i loaʻa iā ia ka lāʻau laulaʻau zinc electrolytic ma Salaberry-de-Valleyfiend, Quebec. Kūkuluʻia ka manaʻo Zinc e ka huiʻo Glencore o Kāpena ma lalo o kahiʻaelike e hoʻopauʻia a hiki i ka 2017.ʻO nā huahana nā 'jumbo zinc' no kaʻoihana'enela, kahi pūmole zinc no ka hanaʻana i ke kila a me ka momona momona no ka hoʻohanaʻana i loko o nā mea kanu a me nā reagent.
Ka pūnaewele pūnaewele: www.norandaincomefund.com