ʻOiaiʻo ka hoʻololiʻana i ka hāʻawi aku i nā palapala likeʻole no nā mahina likeʻole,ʻo ka LME ke kūʻai houʻana,ʻo kaʻaelikeʻoihana kūʻaiʻoi loa o kaʻoihana kūʻai ma ka pānaʻiʻanaʻaʻole i kēlā me kēia mahina, akā, no ka hoʻolakoʻana i nā lā he 90.
ʻO ka LME ka hoʻololiʻoihanaʻoihana aʻoi aku ma ka honua i ka mea i hanaʻia nāʻaelike no kaʻoihana; hiki i nā mea ke komo i ka māhele ke hoʻokumu a lawe paha i kekahi lāʻoihana o ka makahiki e like me ko lākou mau koi pāʻakahi .
ʻO nā Mino KuhikuhinaʻO nā Pole Kūkulu o ke Kaiāulu
ʻO nā'alela kūmole keʻano o nā papa kūkulu o ke kaiaulu. ʻO ka hoʻonui pinepineʻana i kaʻike nui o ka uluʻana o ka honua a me ka hōʻemi. No laila,ʻo kēia mahele o ka māhele kūʻai kūʻai hāʻawi i kaʻike i nā hana waiwai a puni ka honua. No nā makahiki he nui,ʻo China ka mea nui loa o ka mea kūʻai o ka māla metala ma muli o ka uluʻana o ka ulu waiwai o ka lāhui. Eia naʻe,ʻo ka hoʻonui ikiʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai Haina ma 2015 ka mea i hāʻule ai ka nui o kēia mau metala i ka pauʻana o ka makahiki 2015 a me ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka makahiki 2016 ma mua o ka hikiʻana mai o kahi kūʻai hou.
I ka pauʻana o ka makahiki 2016,ʻo kekahi o nā hihia o ka pelekikena Pelekikenaʻo US i ke kūkulu houʻana i ka pilikino o ka lāhui.
Ua kohoʻiaʻo Donald J. Trump i ka Pelekikena 45 o kaʻahahui e pili ana i ka waiwai o ka hale kūʻai a ua hoʻohiki ka Pelekikena hou i ka'āina e lilo i mea kūkulu hale. ʻO ka manawa hope loa kahi hana nui oʻAmelika i nā makahiki 1950 ma lalo o ka hoʻomalu o Eisenhower.
He mea nui paha ka loli nui o nā alanui, nā alahaka a me nā halihali hoʻolālā e like me nā mokulele a me nā pūnaewele kaʻaahi e lilo i kumu nui loa o ka hoʻolālā puhi. I ka paneʻana i ke koho balota o ka Pelekikena hou a me kona papahana, nā kumukūʻai o nā kumu waiwai ahupuaʻa, e like me nā metala pae, hoʻonohonoho i kahi hui nui. ʻO kēlā me kēia metala waiwai he mauʻano a me kona hoʻohanaʻana.
Kohe
ʻO kaʻenehana he waiwai bellwether waiwai waiwai. ʻO ka mea hana nui keleawe nui o ka honua,ʻo ia ka'āinaʻAmelika Hema, Chile. ʻO ka mea kūʻai nui loaʻo iaʻo Kina. He nui nāʻano maikaʻi o ka hao. ʻAʻole ia e hōʻino aʻo ia he superconductor eletise. ʻO ke kūkuluʻana, ka pipiliʻana, ka hauʻoli, ka air-conditioning, ka mea kuke, nā kamepiula, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pono ai he keleawe.
ʻO ke kinikoki nui o ka mea hana keleawe he keleawe ia, ma ka hanaʻana i nā mea kani, nā hana kūkulu, nā mea nani, a me kekahi mau hana. ʻO ka hubina kālepa no ke keleawe,ʻo ia ka LME akāʻo ka division COMEX o ka Chicago Mercantile Exchange ( CME ) ke hāʻawi aku nei i kahi papa hana kū i ke kū i kaʻulaʻula. ʻO ka huahana ETN i loko o ke keleawe a me nāʻoihana ma NYSE o ka iPath Bloomberg Copper Sub TR ETN- Symbol JJC.
ʻO Aluminium
ʻO Aluminiuma paha ka mea nui loa o ka wai ; hana ia i ka nui loa o ka LME.
ʻO ka aluminiuma ka hapa nuiʻekolu i loko o ka lepo o ka honua. ʻO ka huahana alakaʻi a me nā mea kūʻai o ka aluminika i ka honuaʻo Kina. ʻO Russia a meʻAmelika Huipūʻia nā mea nui e hoʻokumu i nā lāhui. ʻO ka aluminiuma he mea momona a maʻalahi. He nui nā hoʻohanaʻana i nā kaʻa, nā kaʻa, nā mokulele, nā papa palapalaʻaina, nā kaupaku, a me nā pupuhi.
He mea nui ka aluminiuma i ka hoʻokumuʻana i nā papapihi, ka peʻa, nā pahu, nā ipu, nā pūpū, nā'ōmole, nā pahu a me nā mea kope, nā kukui māmā, kelepona a me nā laina mana, nā mea hoʻolālā, nā meaʻai, a me ka aspirin a me nā nā mea kūʻai'ē aʻe a me nā mea kūkulu. ʻO ka LME ke hāʻawi aku i nāʻaelike ma mua a me ka alumini a me nā alumini. ʻO ka huahana ETN i loko o ke alumini ka meaʻoihana ma NYSE o ka iPath Bloomberg Aluminum Sub TR ANDN- Symbol JJU.
Nickel
ʻO Nickel he meaʻonika kālā keʻokeʻo a me ke kuko me ke kukui'ōniʻoniʻo'ōpiopio aʻo ia kekahi o nā metala wai liʻiliʻi i kūʻaiʻia ma ka LME. ʻO ka uku o ka nickel hiki ke loiloi loa. ʻO kahi o nā mea nui o ka nickel kahi mea kūpono ia i ka corrosion. ʻO Nickel he mea hao no ka hao a me ke keleawe. ʻO ka nickel he ferromagnetic, akāʻo nā mea mana ikaika e makemake i ka hao a me ka lepo honuaʻole, nā mea nui o ka ikaika kūkū e hoʻohana ai i nickel.
ʻO Nickel kekahi pūnaewele i ka hanaʻana i ke kālā, ke aniani, nā pali hou a me kekahi mau pale pale hōʻailona. ʻO nā mea hana nui loa ma ka honua neiʻo Kina a me Lūkia akāʻo Iapana, Kanada,'Awelika a me Norway hoʻi ka mea hana i ka mea hao. ʻO Cuba ka mea hana i nā nickel. ʻO China ka mea kūʻai nui loa o nā nickel i ka honua i nā makahiki he mau makahiki i hala iho nei no ka hanaʻana i nā papa hana kūkulu.
ʻO ke kumukūʻai nui loa o ka nickel e hana pinepine ia ke kumukūʻai o ka pale i waena a me ka waena ma waena o ka contango a me ka hoʻihoʻiʻana no ka loaʻaʻana o ka pōkole a me ka hopena o nā kūlana i loaʻa i ke kila. ʻO ka LME ka hub o ke kālepa nickel honua. ʻO ka huahana ETN i loko o ka nickel iʻoihana ma NYSEʻo ia ka iPath Bloomberg Nickel Sub TR ETN- Symbol JJN.
Ke alakaʻi
ʻO kekahi o nā mea mua loa iʻikeʻia e nā kānaka he alakaʻi. I Turkey, ua hōʻailonaʻia kekahi kiʻi kiʻi i ke 6,500 BC. Ua hoʻohana ka Roma Roma i alakaʻi no nā kumu he nui,ʻo ia hoʻi nā paipu, nā holoi lole, nā mea pena a me nā lole a me nā kīʻaha a me ka waina. Manaʻo nā kānaka Roma i ka mea i hoʻonuiʻia i ka meaʻai, uaʻoki pinepineʻia i loko o nā ipu lepo. Eia naʻe,ʻo ke alakaʻi he meaʻawaʻawa ia, aʻo nā toxins e hōʻiliʻiliʻia i loko o ke kino i ka manawa. Ua nui nā lālā o ke kuhina Roma i loaʻa i ka lāʻauʻawaʻawa e alakaʻi ana i ka poʻe kākau moʻolelo he nui ka manaʻo e lilo ke alakaʻi i hoʻokahi kumu o ka emiʻana o ka moku Roma.
I kēia lā,ʻo ka hoʻohana muaʻana o ke alakaʻi i ka hanaʻana i nā pali akā ua hoʻohanaʻia ke kinikino no nā'ōleka a me ka hanaʻana i nā pūnaeho hoʻolālā. ʻO kekahi mau paʻahi kiʻi a me kekahiʻano o nā pōʻalepa ka mea i paʻa i ke kila. ʻO ke alakaʻi he mea hana i ka hanaʻana o ka'ōhinu no nā makahiki he nui me nā waiwai o ka pale kila i ka hoʻohākikoʻana o ka makani. Eia naʻe, i kēia mau lā, he mau'āina he nui, me ka hopena hoʻokūkū oʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia.
ʻO ka mea hana nui loa o ke alakaʻi ma ka honua,ʻo iaʻo Kina,'Oselalia, Peru,ʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, Kanada, a me Mekiko. Lawe ka luna i nā hapaʻuʻuku o ke gula a me ke kālā i ka wā o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i ka mea hana. ʻO ke alakaʻi he mea hana maʻalahi ia i ka LME. ʻO ka huahana ETN i loko o ke alakaʻi eʻoihana ma NYSE ka iPath Bloomberg Lead Sub TR ETN- Symbol LD.
Zinc
ʻO Zinc kaʻekolu o nā mea i hoʻohana nuiʻia ma ka LME ma hope o ke alumini a me ke keleawe. Ma mua o kaʻikeʻana o ka zinc ma keʻano he metala, keleawe a me ka zinc pūpū e pono ai ka zinc i ka nui o nā mea e loaʻa mau ai i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā maʻiʻeha a me nā makaʻeha.
ʻO ke kumu nui no ka zinc e komo i loko o ka hao hana kila e pale ai i kaʻinoʻino. He mea nui hoʻiʻo Zinc i ka mea e hoʻokomoʻia ana e ka'āpana koho a hoʻohuiʻia i nā'ōmole zinc i loko o nā pupuhi, ka hoʻouluʻana, nā pipili, ka ulana a me ka hanaʻana o nā pūpū.
ʻO China ka meaʻoihana alakaʻi ma ka honua a me Peru, Australia,ʻAmelika Huipūʻia, Kanada a me India hoʻi e hoʻolako i ka honua me ka waiwai nui o ke kola i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO China ka mea kūʻai nui o ka zinc no ka nui o ka lāhui o ka'āina a me kāna mau koi no ka kūkuluʻana i nāʻenehana. ʻAʻole kahi hua kikowaena waiʻo Zinc ETN i ka US akā,ʻo ka PowerShares DB Base Metals ETF Symbol DBB me ka zinc a me nā mea nui i kūʻaiʻia ma London Metal Exchange.
ʻOi
ʻO Tin ka mua o nā metale kahiko iʻikeʻia e nā kānaka. ʻO ia ka mea nui loa aʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i kālepaʻia ma ka LME. ʻO ka hewa o ka tin ke alakaʻi aku i ka nui o ka uku kūʻai a me nā wā o ka pōkole a me ka pōpō. I ka wā e hiki mai ai i ka makakaki kēni, loaʻa nā makana i kaʻahaʻaina a i ka wī i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Pono ka'enepiliʻana i kahi kapaʻula i hoʻohanaʻia i ke keleawe, ka aluminika, ke kila a me nā mea'ē aʻe. Nui nā noi hale no ka tin. Loaʻa iā mākou ka mīkini i loko o nā hōʻailona hōʻailona, nā mea hana i nā koho, nā pūhui hoʻohana, nā pōmoku, nā momona a me nā pesticides, me nā mea pale a me nā pewter. ʻO ka mea hana kīʻaha ka mea e pono ai ka'ōpū flu fluide.
ʻO China ka meaʻoihana nui loa o ka honua, akā,ʻo Indonesia, Peru, Bolivia, aʻo Brazil hoʻi he mea nui i hoʻokomo i ka mea hao i ka honua. ʻO Malaki ka lua o ka nui o nā mea mālama nui o ka honua. ʻo ka moku'āina o Penang ke kikowaena o ka hana minamina nui a me ka hana hoʻoponopono.
ʻO ke kī he meaʻonaʻole. No laila, ua paniʻo ia i ka hopena a me nā meaʻokoʻaʻewa i ka hanaʻana o nā waiwai he nui e like me ka electronic electronics a me nā pōkā i nā makahiki hebedoma. ʻO Kina ka mea kūʻai kumukūʻai o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, akā,ʻo US, Japan, aʻo Rusia hoʻi nā mea nui e komo i ka mea hao. ʻO ka huahana ETN i loko o ke tāla e pili ana i ka NYSE ka iPath Bloomberg Tin Sub TR ETN- Symbol JJT.
ʻO ke kālāʻana
Eʻike kākou a pau i nā metala waiwai e like me ka nui o nā metala i hoʻohanaʻia no ka hoʻouluʻana i ke kālā a me ke kālā. ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia me ka hoʻohanaʻana i kekahi o nā metala waiwai no ka hoʻoiliʻana,ʻo ia ke kumu kūʻai o nā kumukūʻai o kēia mau metala i nā manawa iʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai o ke kineta i loko o ke kālā.
ʻO nāʻenehana kūmole ke kūkuluʻiaʻana o nā papa hana o ka honua a puni. Ināʻoe e nānā a puni kou home, hiki iāʻoe keʻike i kēia mau mea nui kūpona. Aia i loko o nā paipu ka paipa wai e lawe mai i ka wai maoli a he wahi hoʻi o kāu kamepiula. ʻO ka aluminium kekahi o nā metals mua ma kāu kaʻa a me kāu mau puka makani. Hiki iāʻoe ke loaʻa ka nickel i loko o nā paʻalima aiʻole ma ka palekana kahi e waiho aiʻoe i nā kumukūʻai.
Aia ke alakaʻi i loko o ka nui o nā batū a aia i ka loaʻa o ka nui o ka pi i loko o kāu pahu fuse a me ka pūnaewele i loko o kou hale. Ma waho o ke keleawe, kahiʻoihana ma COMEX,ʻo kahi wale nō kahi e hāʻawi aku ai i ka wai a me nā palapala kālepa kalepa hana i nā metala kahua,ʻo ia ka LME. Eia naʻe, aia nā huahana ETF a me nā ETN e hoʻopili hou ana i ka hana uku ma ka nui o kēia mau mea nui.
ʻOiai he mau mea kūʻai pono nā metala mea kūʻai kālā, he mea maikaʻi ke nānā pono i nā hana a me nā loina i loko o kēia mau meli. Hiki i nā'enela base ke hāʻawi i kekahi o nā hōʻailona maikaʻi e pili ana i ka ikaika a iʻole nāwaliwali o ka hoʻonui waiwai honua. Eia hou,ʻo ka nui o nā hui i hoʻolakoʻia e koi mākou i ke keleawe, ke aluminika, ka nickel, ke alakaʻi, ka zinc a me ka tin i kā lākou hana hana. Ke hoʻonuiʻia ke kumukūʻai o kēia mau metale e hiki ke hoʻololi i ka kumukūʻai o nā waiwai i kūʻaiʻia e kēia mau poʻe e alakaʻi ana i nā uku kiʻekiʻe aʻoi haʻahaʻa paha.