Nā Kuleana
- Hōʻike'Apiha: E
- Atomic Helu: 4
- MāheleʻEle: Alkaline Earth Metal
- Piko: 1.85 g / cm³
- Wahi Kohu: 2349 ° F (1287 ° C)
- Ko Boiling Point: 4476 ° F (2469 ° C)
- Ka Mohino Mohs: 5.5
Nāʻano
ʻO ke kinikini beryllium he māmā nui loa, he kila kila a ikaika.
Me ka manoanoa o 1.85g / cm 3 , beryllium ka lua o ka māmā māmā, ma hope o ka lithium wale nō.
Hoʻokalaʻia ka'āpana kala hina e like me ke alahele hoʻololi no kona kiʻekiʻe heheʻeʻana, kūpilikiʻi i kaʻalu a me ka hau, a me kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe me ka ikaika pale. ʻOiai he hoʻokahi hapahā wale nō ke kaumaha o ke kila ,ʻo ka beryllium heʻeono ka ikaika.
E like me ke alumini , hanaʻia ka paea beryllium i kahi pale oxide ma kona āpana e kōkua ai e pale i kaʻinoʻino . ʻO ka mea i hanaʻia no ka meaʻaʻole ka magnetic a me ka'ōkuhiʻole - nā waiwai i hilinaʻiʻia ma ka māla a me kaʻaila - a he hana kūpono kūpono ma luna o nāʻano wela a me nā kinona wela maikaʻi.
ʻO ka'āpanaʻenehana hoʻokipa x-ray a Beryllium a me ka mahele o ka'āpana hoʻomāhele liʻiliʻi kiʻekiʻe e hoʻonui iā ia no nā'ōkuhi ray-ray a me keʻano o ke kikooho palekana a me ke kikowaena kaulike i nā noihana hoʻolālā.
ʻOiai he meaʻono ka mea, he palupalu ia i kaʻili a me ka moe e hiki ai ke alakaʻi i kahi maʻi pilikino maʻi e ola nei i kapaʻia he berylliosis.
Mōʻaukala
ʻOiai i hoʻomaka muaʻia i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 1800,ʻaʻole i huaʻia kahiʻano beryllium maʻemaʻe a hiki i ka makahiki 1828. He mau makahiki'ē aʻe paha ia ma mua o ka hoʻomohalaʻana i nā noihana kalepa no ka beryllium.
Ua kapa muaʻo Louis-Nicholas Vauquelin Louis Louis Nicholas i kona inoa hou 'glucinium' (mai ka Helene Greek no "sweet") no konaʻaʻaʻana.
ʻO Friedrich Wohler, ka mea e hana like ana i ka hoʻoneleʻana i ka māhele ma Kelemānia, ua makemakeʻo ia i ka beryllium aʻo ia,ʻo ia ka International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry i hoʻoholo ai e hoʻohanaʻia ka beryllium.
ʻOiai e hoʻomauʻia ana ka noiʻiʻana i nā waiwai o ke kāpili i ke kenekulia 20,ʻaʻole hiki i ka hoʻokōʻiaʻana o nā waiwai waiwai o beryllium ma keʻano he leka makaika i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ke kenekulia 20 i hoʻomakaʻia ka hoʻomohalaʻana o ka metala.
Ka hana
Hoʻopukaʻiaʻo Beryllium mai nāʻano oresiʻelua; beryl (E noho 3 Al 2 (SiO 3 ) 6 ) a me ka hui (E 4 a 2 O 7 (OH) 2 ). ʻOiaiʻo Beryl kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka beryllium (ʻekolu i ka elima hapaha ma ke kaumaha), uaʻoi aʻe ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma mua o ka bertrandite, a ma lalo o ka 1.5% beryllium. ʻO nā hana ho'āʻemaʻe o nā oresʻelua, akā, ua like like ia me ka hiki ke hanaʻia i kahi hoʻokahi.
Ma muli o kona paʻakikī paʻakikī, pono e hana muaʻia ka'elela beryl i ka hoʻoheheʻeʻana i loko o ka umu ahi. Laweʻia ka mea i hoʻoheheʻeʻia i loko o ka wai, e hana ana i kahi lepo maikaʻi i kapaʻiaʻo "frit".
Hoʻopili muaʻia ka hao a me ke kīʻaha me ka sulfuric acid, kahi e hoʻopau ai i ka beryllium a me nā mea'ē aʻe e kau nei, e hopena ai i ka sulfate.
Hiki ke hoʻokaheʻia ka waipaʻa sulfate containing sulfate me ka wai a hānaiʻia i loko o nā lola i loko o nā kinikonaʻaila hydrophobic.
ʻOiai ka beryllium e hoʻokomo i ka meaʻai,ʻo ka wai o ka wai e paʻa i ka hao , ke alumini, a me nā mea haumia'ē aʻe. Hiki ke hana hou i kēia kaʻina hana hoʻolālā a hiki i ka manawa e hoʻonuiʻia ai ka'enekele beryllium i makemakeʻia i loko o ka hopena.
Hoʻopiliʻia ka waihona beryllium me ka ammonium carbonate a me ka wela, a laila e hoʻohuli i ka beryllium hydroxy (BeOH 2 ). ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka beryllium hydroxide ka mea hoʻokomo no nā noi nui o ka māhele, e like me nā'āpana copper beryllium, nā pēpē beryllia, a me ka hanaʻoihana beryllium maʻemaʻe.
No ka hanaʻana i ka hao kilakila beryllium kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻoheheʻeʻia keʻano hydroxide i ka ammonium bifluoride a ua welaʻia i luna o 1652 ° F (900 ° C), e hana ana i ka fluoride beryllium molten.
Ma hope o ka hoʻoleiʻiaʻana i nā hoʻoheheʻe, e hui pūʻia ka beryllium fluoride me ka magnesium hoʻoheheʻeʻia i loko o ke kai a hoʻonāukiukiʻia. ʻO kēia ka mea e hiki ai i ka beryllium lili ke hoʻokaʻawaleʻia mai kahi pale. Ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻiaʻana mai ka slag magnesium, beryllium ka mea e like me ka 97 pakeneka paʻamau.
Hoʻopauʻia ka magnnesium keu ma ka hana houʻana i loko o kahi kapuahi wela, e waiho ana i ka beryllium e hiki aku i 99.99 pakeneka maʻemaʻe.
Hoʻoliloʻia ka'āpana beryllium i ka lepo ma o ka pēpili pēpili, e hana ana i kahi lepo e hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia i ka hanaʻana i nā allola beryllium-aluminika a me nā pale pale keleawe beryllium.
Hiki ke hoʻohana houʻia ka Beryllium mai nā'ōlekaʻiliahi. Eia naʻe, hiki ke loli a nui ka nui o nā mea hana hou i hanaʻia no ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nāʻenehana loea, e like me ke kelepona. ʻO ka beryllium e waiho nei i nā pāleka keleawe-beryllium i hoʻohanaʻia i ka electronic electronics he paʻakikī e hōʻiliʻili a i ka manawa e kiʻiʻia ai e hoʻouna muaʻia no ka hana houʻili keleawe, kahi e hoʻonāukiuki i ka helu beryllium i kahi kālāʻole.
Ma muli o keʻano o keʻano o ke kinona, ua paʻakikī ka loaʻaʻana o nā huahana kūpono no ka beryllium. Eia naʻe,ʻo ka hoʻolālāʻana o nā meaʻoi aku o kaʻoihana beryllium i hoʻohālikeʻia heʻehā 500 mau tononi.
ʻO ka mining a me ka hoʻouluʻana o beryllium ma ka US,ʻo ia ka helu no 90% o ka hana honua, ua hoʻomaluʻia e Materion Corp. Iʻike muaʻiaʻo Brush Wellman Inc., ke hana nei ka hui i ka Spor Mountain bertrandite mine ma Utah aʻo ia ka nui loa o nā ao ka mea hana a me ka mea hoʻonunu o ka hao beryllium.
ʻOiaiʻo Beryllium wale nō i hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia ma ka US, Kazakhstan, a me Kina, lawelaweʻiaʻo Beryl ma kekahi mau'āina,ʻo ia hoʻiʻo China, Mozambique, Nigeria, a me Brazil.
Nā noi:
Hoʻohanaʻia ka Beryllium i loko o nā mauʻelima:
- ʻO ka mea hoʻohana i kaʻenehana a me ka loea
- Nā papahanaʻoihana a me nā aerospace
- Ka pale a me ka pūʻali koa
- Nā lāʻau lapaʻau
- ʻO kekahi
Nā kumuhana:
ʻO Walsh,ʻo Kenneth A. Beryllium Kemististry a Hoʻoponopono . ASM Intl (2009).
US Geological Survey. NāʻAmelika Makahiki 2011 . ʻO Beryllium. ʻO Brian W. Jaskula.
HKH: http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/beryllium/myb1-2011-beryl.pdf
Beryllium Science & Technology Association. No Beryllium.
HKH: http://beryllium.eu/
ʻO Vulcan,ʻo Tom. KuAiWai. Beryllium Basics: Ke kūkuluʻana i ka ikaika e like me ka mea koʻikoʻi
HKH: http://www.hardassetsinvestor.com
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