Mai ka loli elepona hale e like me nā moku propel a me nā pūnaewele photovoltaic i nā saxophones, ke keleawe , a me kona mau alina e hoʻohanaʻia ana i nā hanana hopena.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻo ka hoʻohanaʻana o ka metala i nāʻoihana nui o kaʻoihana waiwai, ua hoʻololi i ke kumukūʻai o ke kālepa i nā kumukūʻai keleawe e hōʻailona ai i ke olakino holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa, e hoʻoikaika ana i ka moniker 'Dr. ʻOkoʻa.
No ka hoʻomaopopo maikaʻiʻana i nāʻano likeʻole o ke keleawe, ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻia e ka Hui Hoʻolālā Hui (CDA) iā lākou i nā lālā hanaʻehā: kelepona, ka hanaʻana, ka laweʻana, a me nā mea'ē aʻe.
ʻO ka pākēneka o ka hana hao keleawe a pau i hoʻopauʻia e kēlā me kēia mehe i manaʻoʻia e ka CDA e lilo i:
- Hana 65%
- Hana 25%
- Lawe 7%
- Nā 3%
ʻElekana:
Ma waho aʻe o ke kālā,ʻo ke keleawe ka māmā elele maikaʻi loa. ʻO kēia, hui pū me kona kū'ēʻana i ka corrosion , ka laulā , ka hikiʻole , a me ka hiki ke hana i loko o nāʻenehanaʻoihana nui, e hana i ka mea kūpono no ka hoʻoili kamela.
ʻO nā mea a pau e pili ana i nā hoʻoili uila, mālamaʻia no nā lālā o luna (ma luna o ka māmā lahilahi ) i hanaʻia me ke keleawe.
Hoʻopili nā Busbars, nā mea hoʻokaʻawale i ka mana, nā mea hou a me nā hawewe makani ma luna o ka hoʻoneʻeʻana o ke keleawe. Ma muli o kona pono e like me ke alakaʻi kahe uila, hiki ke hana i nā mea hana hou he 99.75 pakeneka.
ʻO nā papahana hoʻonaʻauao, e like me nāʻenehana kamepiula, nā kelepona, nā lekaleʻaleʻa a me nā lako'elepona'elepona, i loko o nā makahiki i hala koke aku nei lilo i mea kūʻai nui o ke keleawe
I loko o kēia mau polokalamu, he mea nui ke keleawe i ka waiwai o:
- Nā meaʻikepili pilikino
- ʻO ka wili a me nā mea e hoʻopili ai
- Nā papa kalaikaʻi i hoʻonohonohoʻia
- Nā Pākoki
- Semi-alakaʻi
- Nā Magnetron i loko o nā'okila
- Electromagnetic
- ʻO nā kūmoho hoʻomaha
- Kāpena
- Hoʻoliliʻana i nā koho
- Nā pūkoi ahi
- Hoʻopū ke kai
ʻO kekahiʻoihanaʻoihana e hilinaʻi nui nei i ka māmāʻo ia he loea.
Hoʻopihaʻia nā kaulahemo keleawe i ka hoʻohanaʻiaʻana ma nā ADSL a me ka HDSL hoʻoili no nā laina pūnaewele pūnaewele (LAN). Loaʻa i nā laina'ūpili palekana (UTP) nāʻewalu kala i hoʻohuiʻia i nā kala, i kūkuluʻia iʻehā mau paikani kalaʻoi. A me ka hoʻonuiʻia o kaʻenehanaʻenehanaʻole,ʻo nā'ōnaehanaʻokoʻa e like me nā modems a me nā mea hoʻokele e paulele ana i ke keleawe.
Ua pōmaikaʻi hoʻi ka puʻupuʻu hoʻokele hou i nā waiwai o nā mea hoʻoili waiwai. Hoʻohanaʻia ka mea hoʻohuiʻia ma ka hanaʻana i nā pūnaewele photovoltaicʻelua me ka copper-indium- gallium -selenide (CIGS) a me nāʻili makani. Hiki i ka makani makani hoʻokahi, no ka laʻana, hiki ke komo i kahi 1 metric ton (MT) o ke kola. Ma waho aʻe o ka hanaʻana o ka uila,ʻo ka keleawe kekahi i pili i nā motua a me nā pūnaewele hoʻolako e pili ana i ka hanahana ikehu hou.
Kūkulu:
ʻO ka'apena hao i kēia manawa ka mea maʻamau no nā wai kūpono a me nā papahana hoʻolālā ma ka hapanui o nā'āina i kūkuluʻia. He hapa kēia ma muli o kona mau hua bacteriostatic, a ma nā'ōlelo'ē aʻe paha i ka hikiʻana o ka copper e hiki ai ke kāohi i ka uluʻana o nā meaola kinoʻole a me ka viral i ka wai.
ʻO nā pono'ē aʻe o ke keleawe e like me ke kinipōpili,ʻo ia ka mea hikiʻole ke palekana a me ka palekana - hiki ke maʻalahi a'ākoakoa - a me kona kū'ēʻana i kaʻinoʻino wela.
Hanaʻia kaʻili a me kona mau'ā'ī i ke kūpaʻa palekana a me kaʻinoʻino, kahi i kūpono ai no ka laweʻana i ka wai kūpono wale nō, akā, no ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā wai paʻakai a me nāʻanoʻenehana. ʻO kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ia mau noi komo i loko o:
- Hoʻomohu ahi i nā hui no nā condensers ma nā pūnaehu hoʻohu pua a me nā mea kanu
- ʻO nāʻoihana hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nāʻoihana mahiʻai
- Hoʻopiliʻia i nā mea kanu nā mea kanu
- Nā laina laina kai
- Pulu i ka lepo no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana i ka wai
- Kaomi no ka hoʻolahaʻana i kaʻaila maikaʻi a me ka liquefied
- ʻO ka hoʻolālā'eneke wai
No nā haneli mau makahiki, ua hoʻohanaʻia ke keleawe e like me keʻano hoʻohumu hana. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona kahiko loa o ke keleawe me he mea nani lā, ua hanaʻia nā puka o ka Mākauʻo Amun-Re ma Karnak, maʻAigupita, kahi i 3000-4000 mau makahiki, a me ka hale pale pale keleawe ma kahi o Sri Lanka 162 kapuaʻi kiʻekiʻe Loha ʻO Maha Paya ka luakini, i kūkuluʻia i ke kenekuliaʻekolu BC
Piʻiʻia ka hale keleawe a me nā'āpana o nā hale pule he nui a me nā hale pulepule, a ua hoʻohana houʻia nā manawa hou i nā hale aupuni, e like me nā hale pāremata o Canada, a me nā wahi kūlohelohe, me nā mea i hanaʻia e Frank Lloyd-Wright.
ʻO hoʻokahi kumu no ka hoʻohana ākeaʻana o ke keleawe me he mea hana lā,ʻo ia keʻano kūlohelohe o kahi'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo'omaʻomaʻo - iʻikeʻia he patina -ʻo ia ka hopena o ka pale a me ka paleʻana i ke keleawe. Ma waho aʻe o konaʻoluʻolu hoʻonani, hoʻolālā nā mea kākau a me nā mea hoʻolālā i ke kila no ka mea he māmā, kūnoho, palekana, a hiki ke komo.
ʻO ka meaʻoi aku i hanaʻia me nā mea'ē aʻe,ʻaʻole i kaupalenaʻia i nā noi waho. Mea hoʻohana pinepine ka mea hoʻolimalima i nā meaʻala a me nā'āleku, keleawe, a me ke keleawe no nā hana like:
- Nā lima
- Pākuʻi puka
- Nā loka
- Papa
- ʻO nā lumi uila a me nā lumi uila
- Pāpale
- ʻO Hinges
ʻO nā hale kino a me nā keʻena lapaʻau,ʻo ia hoʻi, ka waiwai waiwai keleawe no kona mau waiwai bacteriostatic, a ua hopena i ka uluʻana i mea hana i loko o nā hale hoʻolālā.
Kākaʻikaʻi:
ʻO nā mea nui o nā mokulele, nā kaʻaahi, nā kaʻa, a me nā moku e hilinaʻi ana i nā mea hili a me nā mea maʻamau o ke keleawe. I loko o nā kaʻa, keleawe a me nā radiators keleawe a me nā mea hōʻoluʻoluʻaila i kaʻoihanaʻoihana mai nā makahiki 1970. I kēia mau lā,ʻo ka hoʻonuiʻana i nā mea melaki, e like me nā pūnaewele holomua papahana, nā pūnaha palemoho anti-lock, a me nā noho hemo, ua hoʻomauʻia ka hoʻonui i ka noi no ke kila mai kēia lā.
ʻO kekahi mau pahu keleawe e kau ana i loko o nā kaʻa me:
- ʻO ke kuhiʻana no nā'ōnaehana hoʻopuka makale
- Nā kūpale, nā pale, a me nā pale keleawe
- Nā laina hana hydraulic
- ʻO nā pale lima lima o Bronze
- ʻO ke kuhiʻana no nā puka makani a me nā mana
ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka noi no nā kaʻa uila a me nā kaʻa uila e hoʻonui loa i ka'āpana kala keleawe. ʻO ka maʻamau,ʻo nā kaʻa uila e komo i ka 55lbs (25kgs) o ke keleawe.
Hoʻomohuiʻia nā kinikini a me nā kopa keleawe i loko o nā paila o ka nickel -metal a me nā līhi līiaumionia eʻoi ai nā kaʻa ukana,ʻoiai ua hoʻohanaʻia nā rotors keleawe e like me ka mea'ē aʻe i ka motemi magnet magnet.
Hiki ke hoʻohana i nā kālapa kiʻekiʻe i ka 10MT o ke keleawe i kēlā me kēia kilomita o ke alahele aʻo nā locomotives mana e like me 8MT o ka mea hoʻokumu .
ʻO nā kelepona hulina maʻamau no nā trams a me nā kaʻa e like me nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia ma San Francisco a me Vienna, ua hoʻohanaʻia i nā'āpana copper-kālā a me nā'āpana cadmium keleawe.
ʻO kaʻelua paona o ke kaumaha o ka'iliu lele e hiki ke heluʻia i ka keleawe, e like me 118 mau mile (190km) o ka wili.
Ma muli o ko lākou kūpaʻa nui i ka paʻi wai kai manganese paʻakai - a hoʻohanaʻia nā nūpili nickel-alumini e hoʻolei i nā mea hoʻokele moku e hiki ke kau i kahi mau kī. ʻO nā moku, e like me nā paipu, nā huila, nā pulu, a me nā ukali, i hanaʻia me nā pāleka like.
Nā mea'ē aʻe:
ʻO ka papa inoa o nā noi keleawe ke hele mau i ka lā. ʻO kekahi mau hana iʻike nuiʻia i loko o:
Nā Kuki Cookie a me nā Hana Hana :ʻO nā mea kūpono o ke kāmaʻa ke hana ia i mea kūpono no nā meaʻai, e like me nā ipu hao a me nā pans, a me nā pūnaehana air conditioner, nāʻenehana wela, nā mea hoʻolālā no ka hoʻomehana wai a me nā hoʻokele.
Nā palekana a me nā watakā : No ka mea,ʻaʻole ia he keleawe me ka copper magneticʻole e hoʻopili i ka hana o nā mea hana mechanical liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hopena, hoʻohana nā mea kiaʻi a me nā mea uaki i nā kūpana keleawe a me nā kī i ka hoʻolālāʻana i nā wā lōʻihi.
Art :ʻO ka'eneka a me kona mau'ālika keʻike nuiʻia ma nāʻoihanaʻoihana, aʻo ka mea kaulana loaʻo ia ke Statue of Liberty. Ua hoʻoukaʻia ke kiʻi me luna o 80 mau tonini keleawe, i kākoʻoʻia me nā 155 mau kāmaʻa keleawe a me 300,000 rivets keleawe, ka mea e hopena ai i konaʻula patina'ōmaʻomaʻo.
Palenaʻana : A hiki i ka makahiki 1981, ua hoʻonuiʻia ka hapaha he hoʻokahi keneta - he peni - ma kahi nui o ke keleawe (95 pakeneka), akā mai ka manawa i hoʻolimalimaʻia kēlā manawa e like me ka zinc keleawe (0.8-2.5 pakeneka keleawe).
Nā mea kani : He aha ka mea e hanaʻoleʻia ai ke apo keleawe? Hoʻohanaʻia ka Brass e hana i nā pū kani, nā pū kani, nā trombones, a me nā saxophones no ke kū'ēʻana i kaʻinoʻino a me nā mea anti-bacterial o ke keleawe.
Nā Pūnaewele: Nānā Pāʻani Pāʻani. Nā noi. (http://www.eurocopper.org/copper/index.html)ʻO ka huiwaiwai Copper Development Association Inc. (http://www.copper.org/applications/homepage.html)