Loaʻa i kaʻike ma nā waiwai, ka papa hana, a me ka hanaʻana o nā meaʻili hao
ʻO nā meaʻaloʻalo he'eneka'eneka i hanaʻia me hoʻokahi metala a hoʻokahi aʻoi aku paha o ka hao, aʻaʻoleʻole ke kila, nā mea.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā'ālehe maʻamau pūnaewele:
- ʻO ka hao , kahi hui o ka hao (hao) a me ke carbon (non-metal)
- ʻO Bronze, he hui pūʻia me ke keleawe (metal) a me ka metala (metal) a
- ʻO Brass, heʻaila o ke keleawe (metal) a me ka zinc (metal)
Nā Kuleana
Hiki i nā'ōpili maʻemaʻe pono ke loaʻa nā waiwai maikaʻi, e like me ka hoʻoili ponoʻana o ka'iliuma , ikaika kiʻekiʻe, a me ka paʻakikī, aiʻole ka mahana a me ke kūpaʻa pale.
Hoʻopiʻi nā'ililaʻoihana kālepa e hoʻohui i kēia mau pono pono'ī i mea e hana ai i kahi meaʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka'ōmihana iʻoi aku ma mua o kekahi o kona mau māhele.
ʻO ke kūkuluʻana o ke kila, e like me kaʻikeʻana i kaʻike pono o ka hao a me ka hao (e like paha me 99% hao a me 1% carbon, e like me keʻano) no ka hanaʻana i ke kilaʻoi aku ka ikaika, maʻalahi a me nā kilaʻoi aku iʻoi aku ka hao .
ʻO nā hua kūikawā o nā'āleku hou he paʻakikī ke heluʻana no ka meaʻaʻole i hui wale nāʻano e lilo i mau huina o nā'āpana, akā no loko o nā hana pilikino e pili ana i ko lākou mau māhele a me ka hana hana. ʻO ka hopena, he mea nui ka hoʻokolohua e pono ai i ka hoʻomohalaʻana i nā'āpana alala hou.
Hoʻokahi mea no ka maopopo i ka wā e hoʻohuiʻia ai nā metala, e hoʻopili pinepineʻia ke anawela. ʻO Galinstan ®, he kinikini liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e loaʻa ana ka gallium , kaomi, a me ke kumukūʻau, i wai ma nā mahana iʻoi aʻe ma mua o 2.2 ° F (-19 ° C),ʻo ia hoʻi kona'alehe he 122 ° F (50 ° C) ma lalo o ka gallium maikaʻi a iʻoi aku ma mua o 212 ° F (100 ° C) ma lalo o waena a me ka tin.
ʻO Galinstan® aʻo Wood's Metal nā hiʻohiʻona o nā'āpana'ōhula. ʻO nā 'alia o nā'āleka e loaʻa ka pae hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o kēlā me kēia o nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia me nā mea like.
'Ohui
Hiki ke hanaʻia i nā manawa he mau tausani o nā mea'enela a pau, akā e hana mauʻia nā papa hana hou i nā manawa a pau.
Loaʻaʻia nā papahana likeʻole me nā kūmāmā o nā kumu hana (e like me nā mea kaumaha).
ʻO keʻano, a me nāʻoihana mechanical a me nā kino o nā'aleleka likeʻole, ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia e nā hui honua e like me ISO, SAE International, a me ASTM International.
Ka hana
ʻO kekahi mau mea i hoʻoiliʻia nā meaʻoi aku he hana maoli a makemakeʻia ka liʻiliʻiʻole o ka hanaʻana i nā meaʻoihanaʻoihanaʻoihana. ʻO nā hana pākākāka e like me Ferro-chromium a me Ferro-silicium, e like me keʻano, ke hanaʻia e ka puhiʻana i nā'aleheʻeha a hoʻohanaʻia i ka hanaʻana o nāʻano kaʻa.
ʻO nā mea āpau kālepa a me nāʻoihanaʻoihana, makemake lākou i kaʻoihanaʻoi aku iʻoi aku kaʻoi aʻe o ka hana a ke hanaʻia i ka huiʻana i nā metala i hoʻoheheʻeʻia ma kahi kula. Eia naʻe, ua kuhihewa kekahi ma ka noʻonoʻoʻana o ka hāʻawiʻana i nā metala he mea maʻalahi.
Kekahi laʻana, inā e hoʻopili wale kekahi i ka alumina i hoʻoheheʻeʻia me ke ala i hoʻoheheʻeʻia, eʻike mākou e kaʻawale i loko o nā papa, e like me kaʻaila a me ka wai. ʻO ke kaʻina hana no ka hoʻohuiʻiaʻana o nā metala i hoʻoheheʻeʻia, aiʻole i ka huʻiʻana i nā metala me nā mea kaulikeʻole, e hoʻololi nui i ka waiwai o nā māmā e pono ai.
ʻO nā meaʻano maʻalahi ka nui o ka palekana i ko lākou paleʻana i ka wela a me nāʻau. ʻOiai nā mea e like me nā metala palekana e paʻa i ke kiʻekiʻe wela, kahi e hoʻomaka ai e launa pū me ko lākou'ōpuni, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopili i nā kūpono maʻemaʻe a, aʻo ka hopena, keʻano o kaʻili.
ʻO nā manaʻo nui i ka wā e hoʻohuiʻia ai nā metala, e komo ana ka mahana hoʻolālā o nā'āpana o nā mea nui, nā haumia, ke kaiapuni hui a me ke kaʻina hana.
I kekahi mau kumu, pono e hoʻomākaukau i nā'ōkuena o waena i mea e hoʻohuli ai i nā pono e hoʻohui.
Hoʻohuiʻia kekahi kinikini o 95.5% alumini a me 4.5% ke keleawe ma ka hoʻomākaukau muaʻana i ka 50% o nā papahanaʻelua. ʻO kēia huila he helu hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o kēlā me kēia alumina maʻemaʻe a keleawe keleawe paha a hanaʻia e like me ke ''alili paʻakikī'. Hoʻokomoʻia kēia i ka alumina i hoʻoheheʻeʻia ma kahi alapine e hana ai i ka pilina o nā mea pono.
Wahi: Ke alanui,ʻo Arthur. & Alekanedero, WO 1944. Nā Malu i loko o ka lawelawe a ke kanaka . 11th Edition (1998).