E kiʻi i ka wehewehe a eʻike i kahi e hoʻohālikelike ai ka manawa
Hoʻohanaʻia ka hua'ōlelo "refractory metal" e wehewehe i kahi hui o nā meaʻonika e loaʻa nā'alehe he nui loa a he kūʻokoʻa hoʻi i kaʻaʻahu, kaʻinoʻino , a me ke kūlana.
ʻO ka hoʻohanaʻana i nāʻoihanaʻoihana o ke aniani hōʻailona pinepine e pili i nāʻenehana i maʻa mauʻia:
- Molybdenum (Mo)
- Niobium (Nb)
- Rhenium (Re)
- Kākau (Ta)
- Hoʻolaha (W)
Eia naʻe, ua komo pū kekahi mau hua'ōlelo laulā i nā monekini liʻiliʻi i hoʻohanaʻia:
- Nā Chromium (Cr)
- Hafnium (Hf)
- Iridium (Ir)
- ʻO Osmium (Os)
- Hana (Rh)
- Ruthenium (Ru)
- Titanium (Ti)
- ʻO Vanadium (V)
- Zirconium (Zr)
Nā Pūʻona
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻonaʻikea o nā metala hanaʻino ke kūpaʻa i ka mahana. ʻO nāʻelima pāʻaniʻelima paeʻoihana a pau nā mea heheʻe iʻoi aʻe ma mua o 3632 ° F (2000 ° C).
ʻO ka ikaika o nā metala hanaʻino i nā kiʻekiʻe wela, i hui pū me ko lākou paʻakikī, hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea kūpono no kaʻokiʻana a me nā mea hana pono.
ʻO nā'ōpili hoʻonaʻauao hoʻi he kūʻokoʻa loa ia i ka hoʻouluʻana o ke anuanu,ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hoʻomaha a hoʻomaha maikaʻi iʻole e hoʻonui i ka hoʻonuiʻana, ke kaumaha, a me ka paʻiʻana.
ʻO nā metala a pau nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (he kaumaha) a me nā pono hana hoʻokele elele a me ka wela.
ʻO kekahiʻano waiwai nui,ʻo ko lākou kūʻonoʻi i ke kūpikipiki, keʻano o nā metala e hoʻololi māmā i lalo o ka mana o ka pilikia.
Ma muli o ko lākou hiki i ke kūkuluʻana i kahi papa palekana, ua kūpono hoʻi nā mea kūpikipiki i ka corrosion,ʻoiai lākou e hiki ke pale kau i nā wela kiʻekiʻe.
Nā Metalima Reflexory & Powder Metallurgy
Ma muli o ko lākou mau haʻalulu kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī, ua hana pinepineʻia nā metala māmā i ka paheʻe aʻaʻole i hanaʻia ma ka hoʻolei.
Hanaʻia nā powders āpana i nāʻano nui a me nāʻano, a laila hoʻohuiʻia e hana i ka hui kūpono o nā waiwai, ma mua o ka hoʻokomoʻiaʻana a me ka paʻiʻana.
Hoʻopiliʻia ka hoʻomohanaʻana i ka lepo (ma loko o kahi'āpana) no kekahi manawa lōʻihi. Ma lalo o ka wela, e hoʻomaka ana nā māhu lepo e paʻa, me kahi'āpana paʻa.
Hiki i ke kauwahi ke hoʻokuʻu i nā metala ma nā mahana ma lalo o ko lākou māmā, kahi waiwai kūpono i ka hanaʻana me nā metala pale.
Kāpena Carbide
Hoʻokahi o ka hoʻohana mua loaʻana no nā metala e hoʻonāukiukiʻia i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ke kenekulia 20 me ka hoʻouluʻana o nā hale kālaiʻia.
ʻO Widia , kahi kūʻai muaʻo ka tungsten carbide, ua hoʻolālāʻia e Osram Company (Kelemānia) a kūʻai aku i ka makahiki 1926. Ua alakaʻiʻia kēia i ka hoʻonui houʻana i nā mea like me nā metala kūpaʻa a me ke kapaʻia, a ka hopena o ka hanaʻana i nā kapili hou.
ʻO nā huahana o nā huahana carbide e loaʻa pinepineʻia ka waiwai mai nā pāpuni o nā pākū. ʻO kēia hana o ka huiʻana e'āpono ai i ka hoʻokomoʻiaʻana o nā waiwai maikaʻi mai nā metala likeʻole, no laila, e hana i nā meaʻoi aku ma mua o ka mea i hanaʻia e kekahi mea kila. ʻO kekahi laʻana,ʻo ka widia mua o ka'alala i loko o 5-15% ka'alakau.
Nānā: Eʻike i nā mea hou aku ma nā'enela hoʻowahāwahā i ka papa ma lalo o kaʻaoʻao
Nā noi
Hoʻopiliʻia nā kinipona a me nā kāpili kālaiʻia me nāʻoihana nui a pau, e like me nā lakohana electronic, aerospace, automotive, chemicals, mining, technological technology, process metal, and prosthetics.
ʻO ka papa inoa o nā hopena hopena no nā metala hanaʻino i hōʻuluʻuluʻia e ka Hui Hui Kūhaka Refractory:
ʻO ka huahana Tungsten
- Hoʻopiʻi, kukui, a me nā pūlala kukui
- Nā Anodes a me nā mea i hoʻohālikelike no nā'ōmole x-ray
- Hoʻomākaukau nā huahana Semiconductor
- Nā kohopili no ke kāwiliʻiaʻana o kaʻenekini'eneke inerā
- Nā kākoʻo kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe
- ʻO nā kohopili no ka'ōkona he kukui
- ʻO nā pūnaewele'ōkuhi aunoa
- Pākī pōhaku
- ʻO ka electronic electronics emitters
- Hoʻoponopono i nā hanaʻaila umranium
- Hoʻolāʻau i nā mea a me nā pale pale kala
- Ke hoʻohana nei i nā'enewa i nā steels a me nā superalloys
- Hoʻouluʻia i nāʻano mele-matrix
- ʻO nā mea ola i loko o nā kaomiuma a me nā hana pālolo
- Lubricants
Molybdenum
- Hoʻopiliʻia nā hōpili i loko o nā hao, nā kapuahi, nā'ōpū kino, nā meaʻoihana a me nā superalloys nickel-base
- ʻO ka wiliʻoi o nā kaʻa
- E pīkoi ka pāpale
- Make ka make
- ʻO nā kikowaena mīkini kila a me nā kaʻa
- Nā kohopili a me ka hoʻoikaikaʻana i nā koʻokoʻo ma ka hana kele
- ʻO ka umu ahi ka hoʻomehanaʻana i nā māmā, nā moku, nā pale pale ahi, a me nā mea pale maʻemaʻe
- ʻO nā pīpī hoʻomaʻemaʻe Zinc, nā launders, nā ukali, nā mea hoʻoulu a me nā pūnāwai thermocouple
- Hoʻomahu i nā kolamu hanaʻenehana nuculate
- Hoʻololi i nā koho
- Kākoʻo a kākoʻoʻana no nā transistors & nā kaulike
- ʻO nā huila hoʻoili a me nā kākoʻo no ke kiʻi'ōmaʻa kaʻa
- Loaʻa nā mea uila
- ʻO nā pākoki, nā hau, a me nā pale kaua
- Nā Mea Hoʻohui Missile
- Nā mea hoʻohanohano
- Nā mea hana pūnaewele
- Hoʻomaluʻo Heat i nā kapuahi wela pihahana wela
- Hoʻoliliʻia nā additives ma nā pāleka'ilika a me nā superconductors
Kāleka Cimented Tungsten Carbide
- Kāleka Cimented Tungsten Carbide
- Nā meaʻokiʻoki no nā mea hana hao
- Nā mea hana hoʻomehanaʻenekini
- ʻO nā mea hana hana hoʻoulu lāʻau mīkini a me kaʻaila
- Pau ka make
- ʻO nā'ōwili hana
- Nā alakaʻi kau
Kolo. Heavy Metal
- ʻo Bushings
- Nā noho kūpono
- Nā pāpale no kaʻokiʻana i nā meaʻoihana paʻakikī
- Nā pene peni
- ʻO nā papa kani a me nā papa
- Hea Hea
- Nā pale pale kala
- Nā hōʻailona likeʻole
- ʻO nā mea nānā pono ke nānā aku
- Nā hana hoʻolālā o ke kamera
- Helicopter rotor kaupaona kaulike
- ʻO nā mea hoʻokomo koʻikoʻi kala gula
- ʻO nā kino o ke kino
- ʻO Armament fuses
- ʻO ka hoʻonaniʻana
- He Koa Koa
- ʻO nā pulu pume
Kālā
- Nā mana hana electrolytic
- Pāʻani ahi
- ʻO nā mea wela o Bayonet
- ʻO nā pūnāwai hoʻonā
- ʻOhana filaments puna
- Nā mea hana pūnaewele
- Nā pauhana wela kiʻekiʻe
- Ke kuʻikuʻi no ka mālamaʻana i nā mea i hoʻoheheʻeʻia a me nā'āpana
- Nā meaʻokiʻoki
- Nā papa heluʻauhauʻauhau
- Nā mea kanu lāʻau
- Hoʻoponopono pūnaewele i nā superalloys
Nā Kino Hana o nā Monohana Refractory
| ʻAno | Mokuna | Mo | ʻOi | Nb | W | Rh | Zr |
| Kūkala Pāʻoihana Kūkū | 99.95% | 99.9% | 99.9% | 99.95% | 99.0% | 99.0% | |
| ʻO ke kikowaena | cm / cc | 10.22 | 16.6 | 8.57 | 19.3 | 21.03 | 6.53 |
| lbs / i 2 | 0.369 | 0.60 | 0.310 | 0.697 | 0.760 | 0.236 | |
| Point Hoʻolālā | ʻO Celcius | 2623 | 3017 | 2477 | 3422 | 3180 | 1852 |
| ° F | 4753.4 | 5463 | 5463 | 6191.6 | 5756 | 3370 | |
| ʻO Boiling Point | ʻO Celcius | 4612 | 5425 | 4744 | 5644 | 5627 | 4377 |
| ° F | 8355 | 9797 | 8571 | 10,211 | 10,160.6 | 7911 | |
| ʻO keʻanoʻoʻoleʻa | DPH (vickers) | 230 | 200 | 130 | 310 | - | 150 |
| Ke Kūlana Hoʻoponopono (20 ° C) | ke kani / cm 2 / cm ° C / sec | - | 0.13 | 0.126 | 0.397 | 0.17 | - |
| ʻO ka hōʻailona o ka hoʻonuiʻana | ° C x 10 -6 | 4.9 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 4.3 | 6.6 | - |
| Ke Kūlana Hana Kūlana | ʻO Micro-ohm-cm | 5.7 | 13.5 | 14.1 | 5.5 | 19.1 | 40 |
| Ka Papa Hana Hana | % IACS | 34 | 13.9 | 13.2 | 31 | 9.3 | - |
| Kelepale Kuʻunaʻi (KSI) | ʻAmi | 120-200 | 35-70 | 30-50 | 100-500 | 200 | - |
| 500 ° C | 35-85 | 25-45 | 20-40 | 100-300 | 134 | - | |
| 1000 ° C | 20-30 | 13-17 | 5-15 | 50-75 | 68 | - | |
| Ke hoʻonuiʻia ka liʻiliʻi (1 inihi kekona) | ʻAmi | 45 | 27 | 15 | 59 | 67 | - |
| ʻO keʻano o ka'Elasticity | 500 ° C | 41 | 25 | 13 | 55 | 55 | |
| 1000 ° C | 39 | 22 | 11.5 | 50 | - | - |
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