ʻO kahi mea nui ma kaʻikeʻana i nā kumukānāwai kumuhana
1. Mutual Mutual
ʻO kahi'āpana kālā kekahiʻano mālama mālama waiwai e hiki ai i nā mea kālā ke hoʻolimalima i kā lākou kālā i kahiʻoihana mālamaʻoihana. Hiki i nā hui kālā ke komo i loko o nā kumukūʻai, nā kāmeʻa, ka waiwai a me nā waiwai'ē aʻe.
ʻO kēia mau hilinaʻi palekana hilinaʻi , i kapaʻiaʻo nāʻona e hui pū i kahi kālā hoʻokahi, i kapaʻia hoʻi he kōpili .
I kēia manawa no nā ho'ākāka maʻalahi:ʻAiʻia nā kālā o ka Mutual i nā pahu o ke kālā. Hiki i kēlā me kēia pahu nā hanana he haneli a iʻole nā haneli o nāʻano palekana, e like me ke kope a me nā kāina. No laila, i ka kūʻaiʻana o kahi mea kūʻai i kahi'āpana kālā , kūʻai lākou i ka hīnaʻi hōʻailona mālama kālā. Eia nō hoʻi, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea i loaʻaʻole i ka mea kālā kālā ka waiwai mālama waiwai -ʻo ka hale paʻahao - akā, he hōʻailona no ia mau malu; nā kuleana waiwai o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka waihona kālā,ʻaʻole kuleana o nā kuleana.
2. Nā Loina Kālā Mutual
E ukuʻia nā ukana i ka mea kūʻai kālā i ka kūʻaiʻana a kūʻaiʻana paha i kekahiʻano o ka waihona kālā. Aia nāʻanoʻanoʻehā: E kauʻia nā ukana o mua i ka mua (i ka wā kūʻai) a me kaʻaneʻane 5% akā hiki ke kiʻekiʻe. 8.5%. Eia kekahi laʻana, ināʻoe e hoʻolimalima $ 1,000 me ka pahu mua 5%, e $ 50.00 ka uku o ke kālā a no laila ke kumu kūʻai o kāu kālā mua e $ 950.
Nā amo hope o ka hope , a i kapaʻia hoʻi nā kālepa kūʻai kālaiʻia , ke ukuʻia wale nō ke kūʻai aku i kahi kālā i kākoʻoʻia. E hiki ke heluʻia kēia mau uku i 5% aʻoi aʻe paha, akāʻo ka nui o ke kālā i hōʻano pinepine i ka manawa a hiki ke hoʻemiʻia i ka zero ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki. ʻO nā kālā kālā i kau kālāʻia he kālā e mālama mau i ka ukana a haʻalele iā ia inā loaʻa kekahiʻano kūpono, e like me nā kūʻai i hanaʻia i loko o ka plan 401 (k).
ʻAʻole hoʻokomo kālā kālā no nā ukana. ʻO kēia ka pūnaewai maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻohanaʻana no ka mea e hoʻemi ana i nā kōkua e kōkua ai i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hoʻihoʻiʻana. A i ka huliʻana i nā kālā likeʻole, hiki iāʻoe keʻike i nāʻano ukana ma o ka huapalapala 'A' a iʻole 'B' ma ka hopena o ka inoa kālā. HoʻokaʻaʻikeʻaoʻaoʻO nā kālā he kālā kālā i mua i kākoʻoʻia a hāʻawi aku i ka papa B i nā kālā kākoʻo. I kekahi manawa, loaʻa nā kālā i loaʻa i nā loiloi i nā 'LW' ma ka hopena o ka inoa kālā. Eia hou, e nānā pono i nā kālā kālāʻole. ʻO kekahi mau pūnaeke waihona kālā no-kaumaha e komo pū me Vanguard , Pono , a me T. Rowe Price .
3. ka'Āpana Class Class:
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia waihona kālā kekahi papa o ka māhele ,ʻo ia keʻano o ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i keʻano o ka ukuʻana o ke kālā. He nui nāʻano likeʻole o nā papa o nā'āpana kālā likeʻole, kēlā me kēia me kona mau pono a me nā meaʻinoʻole, aʻo ka hapanui o ia papa ma luna o nā lilo.
- A kapaʻiaʻo'Ake Ake i nā kālā "kāpau mua" no ka mea e ukuʻia ana ko lākou uku i ka "mua" ke kūʻai mua ka mea kūʻai i nā'āpana o ka waihona. ʻO nā kaumaha e like me keʻano o ka 3.00% a hiki i ka 5.00%. He maikaʻi nā'āpana no nā mea hoʻolale kālā e hoʻohana ana i ka mea kūʻai kālā a nāna e hoʻolālā e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kumukūʻai nui a me ke kūʻaiʻana i nā'eleʻa mahope loa. Ināʻoi aku ka nui o ke kūʻai kūʻai, hiki i nā mea kālā ke hoʻolimalimaʻia no nā "pohāʻaiʻole."
- ʻO ka huiʻo B Bond he māhele hoʻoili o nā kālā kālāʻaʻole e hoʻokomo i nā kumukūʻai kūʻai mua, akā, e uku i kahi kāki kūʻai hoʻolimalimaʻana i hoʻopaneʻeʻia (CDSC) aiʻole "kāohi hope." Ma keʻano he kumu kūʻai nā papa B Bb i kaʻoihana 12b-1 iʻoi aku ma mua o nā kālā likeʻole. Inā i kūʻai ka mea kūʻai kālā i nā puʻu kālā B B,ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻoukuʻia i mua o ka hopena o ka palena akā e uku anaʻo ia i ka hopena hope ke hoʻoili aku inā kūʻai ka mea kūʻai kālā i nā mahele ma mua o kahi manawa i'ōleloʻia, e like me 7 mau makahiki, a hiki ke ukuʻia iā lākou i 6% no ke kumukūʻai i kā lākou mau'āpana. Hiki i nā papa B ke kūleʻa i ka papa A i nāʻeke ma hope oʻehiku aiʻoleʻewalu makahiki. No laila,ʻoi aku paha ka maikaʻi no nā mea kālā i loaʻaʻole i ka waiwai e hoʻolako ai i ka hoʻokumuʻana i ka pae hōʻailona ma ka Māhele A akā e makemake ana e hoʻopaʻa i nā kuleana B no kekahi mau makahiki aʻoi aku paha.
- Class C Hoʻoili i nā "kumu hoʻokūkū" i kēlā me kēia makahiki,ʻo ia hoʻi he 1.00%, aʻaʻole loa e lilo kēia kālā, e hāʻawi anaʻo C i nā kālā kālā likeʻole i ka waiwai nui no nā mea kālā e hoʻolimalima ana no ka wā lōʻihi.ʻO ka uku he 1.00% . Ma keʻano laulā, e hoʻohana nā mea kālā i nā kuleana C no ka wā pōkole (lalo o 3 mau makahiki).
- ʻO kā D Class D Hoʻokaʻawale likeʻole i nā kālā no ka hōʻai'ē ma ka mea he lālā kālā likeʻole i hanaʻia ma keʻano heʻokoʻa i ka loina kahiko a me ka hapanui o A, B mau a me C ka kālā i hoʻoili i mua, hoʻihoʻi -load a iʻole ke kaulike kaulike, i kēlā me kēia.
- Loaʻa nā kālā kālepa Class ma o ke kākā'ōlelo hoʻolale kālā, no laila ka hoʻopiʻi "Adv". ʻO kēia mau kālā,ʻaʻole ia he loea (aiʻole he inoa i kapaʻia "load-waived"), akā, hiki iā ia ke hoʻolimalima i 12b-1 a hiki i ka 0.50%. Ināʻoe e launa pū ana me ke kūkākūkā hoʻolaha kālā a iʻole kekahi meaʻoihana kālā'ē aʻe, hiki i nā lālā Adv nā koho keu maikaʻi loa no ka mea ua emi iho ka hoʻonuiʻana o nā kālā.
- ʻO ke kūlana Class Class Fund (Class Class I, Class X, a me ke Kau Y Y) ke loaʻa wale aku ia i nā mea hoʻolale kālā i ka $ 25,000 aʻoi aʻe.
- ʻO nā Load-Waived Funds e hāʻawi kālāʻia nā papahana likeʻole e like me ka uku kālā o ka papa. E like me ka inoa i hōʻikeʻia, ua hoʻokuʻuʻia ka ukana kālā (ʻaʻole i koiʻia). ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ua hāʻawiʻia kēia mau kālā i 401 (k) mau māhele ināʻaʻole kahi koho kālā i kohoʻia. Hāʻawiʻia nā kālā pilikino Load-waived e kekahi "LW" ma ka hopena o ka inoa o ka waihona a ma ka hope o ka hōʻailona tohu . Eia kekahi laʻana,ʻoʻAmelika kālā kālā kālā kālāʻo'Amerika A (AGTHX),ʻo ia kekahi'āpana kālā A, he kōmike kālaiʻia,ʻo American Funds Growth Fund of America A LW (AGTHX.LW).
- C lass R ShareʻAʻohe kālā i laweʻia (ʻo ia hoʻi ka ukiuki mua, ka halihali hope a iʻole ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa) akā loaʻa iā lākou 12b-1 uku e loaʻa pinepine mai ka 0.25% i ka 0.50%. Ināʻo kāu 401 (k) wale nō ke hāʻawi aku i ka uku kālā o ka papahana R, hiki i kāu mau hoʻonuiʻana heʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā koho kohoʻana i ka pūnaewele hoʻokomoʻole (aiʻole load-waived) o ka waihona kālā hoʻokahi.
4. Nā uku hoʻolimalima
Inā hiki i ka mea kālā kālā ke hoʻohana i kahi pūnaewele hōʻemiʻole, aia nā kumu hoʻokele i hoʻoiliʻia no ka hoʻohanaʻana i loko o ka waihona kālā. ʻO ka lālā hoʻolālā ka pākēneka o nā uku i ukuʻia i ka pūnaeke kālāʻauhau e mālama a mālama i ka waihona, me nā uku hoʻolimalima a me nā uku he 12b-1. E lawe ka hui kālā i kēlā mau lilo mai loko mai o ka waihona kālā ma mua o kaʻikeʻana o ka meaʻike kālā i ka hoʻihoʻi mai. Eia kekahi laʻana, inā he 1.00% ka lālā hoʻolālā o kahi'āpana kālā, a ua hāʻawiʻoe i $ 10,000,ʻo ka lilo no kekahi makahiki i koe he $ 100. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole e lawe pololeiʻia ka mea hoʻolālā mai kāu waihona. ʻO ka hoʻolālā maikaʻi e hōʻemi i ka hoʻihoʻi maikaʻiʻana o ka waihona kālā. Hoʻokaʻawaleʻia, inā he 10% ka waihona kālā, ma mua o ka lilo, i loko o kekahi makahiki, eʻike ka meaʻike kālā i ka hoʻihoʻi pūʻana o 9.00% (10.00% - 1.00%).
5. Ka Waihona Waihona
ʻO ka hōʻailona , pili i ka hoʻolālā kālā, he helu helu helu helu o nā palekana e hōʻike ana i kahi māhele o ka māhele. Eia kekahi laʻana,ʻo ka S & P 500 Index , he lāpili o 500 mau kumukena waiwai nui. ʻO ka waihona o ka Index he kālā likeʻole ia e hoʻokomo ai i nā waiwai mālama like e like me kona helu kuhikuhi. ʻO ka loiloi i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā kālā hōʻalia,ʻo ia, ma ka manawa,ʻaʻole hiki i ka hapanui o nā luna hoʻokū kālā hoʻokūpili i nā kiko'āinana o nā māhele. No laila, ma mua o ka ho'āʻoʻana e "paʻi i ka mākeke," he mea naʻauao ke komo wale i loko. ʻO kēia kumu keʻano o "ināʻaʻole hiki iāʻoe ke paʻi aku iā lākou, e hoʻohui i ka" em "strategy. ʻO ka papa helu helu kūikawā he mau mea kumu mua loa ia. Kūleʻa lākou i nā haʻawina he nui, hana lākou i ka hana maikaʻi e pili ana i nā puʻu waiwai mālama inoa (i kapaʻia he hūnā hopena), a hoʻohana lākou i nā mea kaulike pono. Eia kekahi laʻana, hoʻokahi kumu o Vanguard e loaʻa ai kekahi o nā lakene hoʻolālā haʻahaʻa no ko lākou kumukūʻai heluʻana he hana nui lākou a hoʻolahaʻia e nā mea kuleana. Inā loaʻa kahi kālā hoʻolālā kālā i ka hōkele kālā o ka 0.12 akāʻo kahi kālā likeʻole e loaʻa ka hōkele kālā o ka 0.22,ʻo ka waihona kumukūʻai o nā kumukūʻai haʻawina e loaʻa koke he 0.10. ʻO kēia wale nō he 10 mau dālā kālā no kēlā me kēia $ 100 i hoʻopiʻiʻia akāʻo kēlā me kēia helu penikala, akā ma ka holo lōʻihi, no ka heluʻana.
6. Ka hoʻonui kālā
Ma ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka kūʻaiʻana i ka ukana o nā ukana palekana (a me ka pōleʻa makamae), e pili ana i ke kumukūʻai o kekahi mahele o ka waiwai i hoʻonuiʻia e ka helu o nā kuleana i kūʻole. ʻO ka nui o nā'āpana kālā me nā kālā likeʻole e hōʻuluʻuluʻia ana ma muli o ka nui o ka loaʻaʻana o nā makika o nā mea kūʻai i loaʻa i ka waihona kālā. He mea nui kēia no ka mea e pono ana nā mea waiwai e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka mea a lākou e kūʻai ai. Kālā nuiʻo Kālā Waiwai kālā e hoʻokomo i nā kumukūʻai o nā hui me ka nui o ka waihona kālā ma kaʻilima,ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o $ 10 biliona. Ua nui kēia mau poʻe i lohe pahaʻoe iā lākou paha a iʻole pahaʻoe e kūʻai i ke kūʻai a me nā lawelawe mai iā lākou i nā manawa mau. ʻO Wal-Mart, Exxon, GE, Pfizer, Bank of America, Apple a me Microsoft. Mālamaʻo Mid-cap Stock Fund i nā kumukūʻai o nā hui o ka nui o ka nui o ka nui, ma waena o $ 2 biliona a me $ 10 biliona. He nui nā inoa o nā hui āu e hoʻomaopopo ai, e like me Harley Davidson a me Netflix, aʻo kekahi mau mea'ē aʻe āu iʻikeʻole ai, e like me SanDisk Corporation a iʻole Life Technologies Corp. Ke kau aku nei nā kālā kālā Small-cap i nā kumukūʻai o nā hui o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, i waena o $ 500 miliona a me $ 2 biliona. ʻOiai heʻoi aku ka nui o ka hui kālā piliona-iāʻoe, he mea liʻiliʻi loa ia i ka Wal-Marts a me Exxons o ke ao nei. ʻO ka hapalua o nā'āpana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻiʻo iaʻo "Micro-cap",ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻohui kālāʻana i nā hui pū me ka kūʻaiʻana o ka mākelika ma lalo he $ 750 miliona.
7. Keʻano Pūʻulu Mutual
Ma waho aʻe o ka waiwai nui, nā'āpana, a me nā kālā kālā e kāʻiliʻia ana e keʻano i hoʻokaʻawaleʻia i nā mea i ulu ai i ka hoʻohālikelike, waiwai, aiʻole Blend. Kūkulu nā kumukūʻai o nā ulu ulu i nā kumukūʻai ulu,ʻo ia nā mea kūʻai o nā hui i manaʻoʻia e ulu ma ka wikiwiki wikiwiki aʻe ma ka maʻamau. ʻO ke kumukūʻai waiwai kūponoʻo ia e hoʻokomo i nā kumukūʻai waiwai,ʻo ia nā kumukūʻai o nāʻoihana i manaʻoʻia e ke kanaka kūʻai kālā a mea'ai'ē paha e kūʻai aku ma ke kumukūʻai ma lalo o ke kumukūʻai kūʻai. Kāheaʻia nā Fund Stock Fund i kapaʻiaʻo " Funds Dividend Mutual Funds" no ka mea,ʻo nā kumukūʻai waiwai ka mea e uku mau i nā kālā i nā mea waiwai kālā, akā,ʻaʻole e uku ka waiwai ulu i ka mea kālā kālā no ka mea e hoʻomau hou ana ka hui i nā'āpana e hoʻonui i ka hui. Hoʻopiliʻia nā mea kanu i loko o ka huiʻana o ka ulu a me nā waiwai waiwai. ʻO ke kālā o ka Bond he hōʻuluʻuluʻano hoʻohālike, a heʻelua mau māhele papahele: 1) Hōʻihi / Kekahi, i hōʻikeʻia ma ka lōʻihi, waena wāwae, a me keʻano pōkole, 2) Ke kala kālā, i māheleʻia i ke kiʻekiʻe, a me ka liʻiliʻi (aiʻole ka papa).
8. Nā kālā palekana
ʻO nā kumukūʻai Balanced , he mau kālā likeʻole e hāʻawi ana i kahi hui (aiʻole palekana) o nā waiwai waiwai waiwai, e like me nā ukana, nā palapala paʻa, a me ke kālā. Hoʻokaʻawaleʻia nā kālā kālā kālā a me nā puʻu kālā hoʻoili kālā, hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i ka waiwai a lawelawe i kahi mea i manaʻoʻia aiʻole kālepa hoʻokele. Eia kekahi laʻana, hiki i kahi kālā i mālamaʻoleʻia ke mālamaʻia i loko o kahi hui waiwai mālamaʻole o nā waiwai waiwai waiwai, e like me ke 40% o nā kumukūʻai, 50% mau koina, a me ka makeke he 10%.
9. Nā lā i kau palenaʻia
Ke hana nei kēiaʻano waihona kālā e like me kona inoa. ʻO kēlā me kēia waihona kālā he makahiki ma ka inoa o ka waihona, e like me ka Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 (VFFVX), aʻo ia kahi kālā i kūpono i ka mea e manaʻo ana e hoʻi mai i loko a ma ka makahiki 2055. He mauʻohana kālā'ē aʻe, e like me ka Hoʻohanohano. ʻO T. Rowe Price, hāʻawi i nā kālā hoʻolimalima lā palena. Eia keʻano o ka hana a lākou, koe wale nō ka hoʻolakoʻana i kahi lā palena :ʻO ka luna waihona kālā e hāʻawi i kahi hoʻoili pono kūpono (ka hui o nā ukana, nā liʻuna, a me ke kālā) a laila e hoʻololi mālie i nā paʻa i kahi māhele hoʻonuiʻole (he mau kumu kūʻai liʻiliʻi, a me ke kālā) e like me ka hoʻokokokeʻana o ka lā palena.
10. Nā hui kālā
Ke nānā nei kēia mau kālā i kahiʻoihana kūikawā, kumuhana a pilina paha e like me ka mālama ola, ka waiwai a me kaʻenehana. ʻO kā lākou pahuhopu waiwai,ʻo ia ka hāʻawiʻana i kahi hōʻike i hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā huiʻoihana kūikawā, i kapaʻia he mau. Māhana kālā ka poʻe kālā e hoʻohana i nā kālā lālā e hoʻonui i kaʻike i kekahi mau lālāʻoihana i manaʻo lākou eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā mahele'ē aʻe. Ma ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana,ʻo nā kālā kōkua likeʻole -ʻo nā mea i piliʻole i ka lālā hoʻokahi - eʻikeʻia i nāʻanoʻoihanaʻoihana. ʻO kahi laʻana, hāʻawi kahi waihona S & P 500 Index i kaʻikeʻana i nā lālā, e like me ke olakino, ka ikaika, kaʻenehana, nā ponohana, a me nāʻoihana kālā. Pono e mālama pono ka poʻe kālā i nā kālā o ka lālā no ka mea, ua nui ka loaʻaʻana o ka'ilikala ma ka hopena inā loaʻa ka lālā i ka hāʻule. ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana i kahi lālā, no ka laʻana, heʻano o ka wā maketi e hiki ai ke hōʻoia i ka pōʻino i ke kōpili waiwai o ka mea kālā a inā hana maikaʻi ka lālā.
Ka Hoʻohaha:ʻO kaʻike ma kēia pūnaewele ua hoʻolakoʻia no ke kūkākūkāʻana wale nō, aʻaʻole pono e kuhiʻia e like me ka'ōlelo aʻo kālā. ʻAʻohe kumu e hōʻikeʻia kēiaʻikepili i manaʻo e kūʻai a kūʻai aku i nā palekana.