ʻAʻole no ka waihona kālā kālā no kēlā me kēia mea kālā kālā a aia hoʻi he ala pololei a me kahi ala kūpono e hele ai e hoʻohana i ia mau mea. No laila ma mua o ka kūʻaiʻana i hoʻokahi aʻoi aku paha o nāʻoihanaʻoihana'ē aʻe, he mea maikaʻi ia e aʻo iāʻoe iho i ka mea a lākou e hana nei a me ka hanaʻana.
He aha nā waihona kālā a ke kālā a pehea lā lākou e loaʻa ai?
ʻO kahi kālā hōʻiliʻili kahi waihona kālā a me kekahi kālepa kūʻai (ETF) e hoʻolako i ka waiwai nui a iʻole paha o kāna mau waiwai ma kekahiʻenehana ahupuaʻa. ʻO ka papa inoa o nā lālā e komo pū i loko o kaʻenehana, kālā, nā mea kūʻai maʻahua, nā mea kūʻai mea kūʻai, nā pono, ka ike, nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe, ka mālama ola, ka waiwai waiwai, a me nā mea waiwai nui.
Eia kekahi mau'ōlelo pōkole me nā hiʻohiʻona e pili ana i keʻano o ka mālamaʻana o nā kālā likeʻole a nā lālā:
- Technology Nā mea'ē aʻe e komo pū kekahi mea hana polokalamu e like me Microsoft (MSFT), kahi kūʻai kūʻai pūnaewele e like me Amazon (AMZN), kahi pūnaewele pūnaewele e like me Facebook (FB), kahi paʻa like Alphabet (GOOG, GOOGL),ʻohana makua o Google, a me nā lawelawe ma loko o kaʻenehanaʻenehana.
- Kālā kālā: E hoʻopaʻaʻia e nā hui kālā nā mea kiko'ī e like me Bank of America (BAC), Charles Schwab (SCHW), a me Wells Fargo (WFC). Akāʻo nā kālā kālā e hiki ke komo ma mua o nā kāleka wale nō a me nāʻoihana hoʻopuka kālā -ʻo nā kālā pū kekahi e komo pū nāʻinikua kālā, nā hui kālā a me nāʻoihana hoʻolālā kālā.
- Hua'ōlelo Cyclical: Inā e noʻonoʻoʻoe i nā kumu kūʻai cyclical, e noʻonoʻo i nā hui e like me Disney (DIS), McDonalds (MCD), a me Starbucks (SBUX). ʻO kēia nā lālā e kūʻai aku ana i nā mea e ponoʻole ai nā kānaka no ka nohona i kēlā lā i kēia lā. No laila,ʻo nā kumukūʻai huahana cyclical, i kapaʻiaʻo ke koho kūleʻaleʻa a mea leʻaleʻa paha, eʻoi aʻe ka maikaʻi i ka ikaika o ka hoʻokele waiwai a me nā mea hoʻohana ke hoʻohana nei i ka manawa.
- Mea Kūʻai Kūpili: Loaʻa i keʻano o nā kilika mea kūʻai, nāʻoihana o kaʻoihana huʻukia maʻamau e hoʻolako i nā huahana a me nā lawelawe e pono ai no ka ola o nā lā. ʻO kekahi mau hōʻailona o nā hōʻailona waihonaʻoihana me Wal-Mart (WMT), CVS (CVS), a me Procter & Gamble (PG). Hiki i nā kōpili ke hoʻokomo pū i nāʻoihana kūʻai i nā mea e ponoʻole ai ka poʻe kūʻai ke kūʻaiʻia, akā, e hoʻomau i ka kūʻaiʻana, inā paha e hoʻolālā ka hoʻolālā. ʻO nā lālā likeʻoleʻo Coca-Cola (KO) lāuaʻo Philip Morris (PM).
- Nā Pono: I ka manawa e noʻonoʻo aiʻoe i nā ponohana, e noʻonoʻo i nā hui e hoʻolako ana i nā huahana a me nā lawelawe kelepona, kelekona ʻO ke kālepa ma nā mea hoʻohana waiwaiʻo Duke Energy (DUK) a me Southern Company (SO). E like me nā kumukūʻai mea hoʻohana, pono nā huahana e hoʻokomo i nā huahana a i nā lawelawe paha e hoʻohana mau ana ka poʻe kūʻai i ka wā o ka paʻakikī. No laila,ʻoluʻolu kaʻoihana o kaʻoihana i kūkuluʻia ma nāʻoihana waiwai ma mua o nāʻanoʻoihana ulu, e like me kaʻenehana, i ka wā e hoʻomaha ai. No laila,ʻo nā ponohana kekahi o nāʻena pale nui .
- Energy: ʻO ka puʻupuʻu ikehu o nā hana a pau e pili ana i ka hana a me ka hāʻawiʻana i ka ikehu, e like me nā huiʻaila, nā elele elele, ka makani a me ka lā ahiahi , a me kaʻoihana puhi. ʻO nā mea kālā e makemake ana i kaʻike nuiʻia i nā inoa nui o ka ikehu, e like me Exxon-Mobil (XOM) a me Chevron Corp (CVX) hiki ke kūʻai aku i kahi kāpili kālā likeʻole a iʻole ETF.
- Nā Punawai Waiwai:ʻO ka pūʻulu kālā e nānā i nā kumuwaiwai kumuwaiwai,ʻo ia ke komo i loko o nāʻoihana waiwai e like me ka ikehu, nā mea kanu, nā mineral, a me nā mea ulu lāʻau ma ka US a ma waho o ka US. No laila, XOM a me CVX akā he mau lāʻau like hoʻi me Newmont Mining Corp (NEM).
- Nānā Ola: Uaʻikeʻia hoʻi heʻano olakino aʻoihana olakino paha, e pili ana kēia mahele i kaʻoihana mālama ola, hiki ke komo i nā'ahamele, nā lawelawe hoʻonaʻauao, nā 'ahahui hoʻopiʻi, nā mea hana lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea kanu lāʻau, a me nā mea hana kino. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona he Pfizer (PFE), United-Healthcare (UNH), aʻo HCA Holdings, Inc (HCA). Hoʻolako pūʻia nā kālā o kaʻoihana ola kino e like me nā mea likeʻole me nā meaʻenehana likeʻole e like me Gileada Hawaiʻi (GILD) aiʻole Biogen (BIIB). Ua kapaʻia nā mea mālama ola kino i nā paʻa palekana no ka mea uaʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka mākele kūkea ma ka wā o ka hoʻokele. ʻO kēia no ka mea e pono ana nā lāʻau e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau a me ke olakino i ka wā o ka manawa.
- Real Estate: ʻO ke kūlana o kaʻoihana mālama waiwai e hoʻomau i kā lākou mau kuleana ma nā hoʻokele waiwai waiwai, aiʻole REITs, nā hui e hōʻike ana i kahi hōʻuluʻulu o nā mea waiwai e hoʻolimalima i kā lākou kālā no ke kūʻaiʻana i nā waiwai waiwai e like me nā hale o nā keʻena a me nā hale. Hoʻolālā 'ia nā REIT e uku i 90% o ko lākou loaʻa i nā mea kuleana a no laila keʻimi nei ka'enewai waiwai waiwai i nā meaʻimi kālā eʻimi ana i nā hana waiwai waiwai. ʻO kekahi mauʻoihana kiʻekiʻe ma kahiʻoihana o kaʻoihana waiwai e hiki ke komo pū me Simon Proper Group (SPG) a me kahi mālama waiwai (PSA).
- Nā Maluhi Nui: ʻO kēiaʻano o ka waihona kālā eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻiaʻana e like me nā kumukūʻai waiwai no ka mea,ʻaʻole i manaʻo nuiʻia nā metala waiwai e like me nāʻoihana ahupuaʻa. Akā nō naʻe,ʻo nā'āpana waiwai he kūpono e'ōleloʻia me nā pūʻulu ma keʻano no konaʻano e like me keʻano o ka hoʻolālā e kau ana i kona mau wahi i loko o kahi'āpana kūʻai o nāʻoihana waiwai. ʻO nā metals waiwai nui kahi kālāʻole e hoʻokomo pono i nā mea waiwai e like me ke gula a me ke kālā , akā, ma waho o nā mea minamina nui e like me'Agnico Eagle Mines (AEM) a me Newmont Mining Corp (NEM).
Pehea e hoʻolimalima ai i nā'Ake Kālā
I kēia manawa eʻike anaʻoe i kaʻikeʻana o ke kālā o nā kaiāulu, ua akamaiʻoe e aʻo i keʻano o kāu kohoʻana i ke kālā maikaʻi loa no kāu a me kāu papa hana palekana.
Hoʻohana pono ka waihona kālā e like me nā mea hana likeʻole a me keʻano hiki ke hoʻonui i kaʻikepili waihona. I ka unuhiʻana,ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki i nā kālā o ka lālā ke hōʻemi i ka hopena no ka pōʻaiapo o ka pōʻaiapili akā hiki ke hoʻonui i kaʻikepili i ka wā lōʻihi.
ʻO kahi papahana hoʻopuka waiwai no ka hoʻokōʻana i kahi papahana hoʻolālā o ka lālā,ʻo ia ke kikowaena a me ka satellite kōnaehana kikowaena , e like me keʻano: Ke hoʻomaka neiʻoe me kahi kuleana paʻa,ʻo ia ka hapa nui loa o kāu kōpili a hoʻohui i nā kālā satellite, ka hapalua. Eia kekahi laʻana, kahi mālama paʻa maikaʻi kahi o ka uku S & P 500 Index maikaʻi loa , hiki iā ia ke loaʻa i kahi 30 a 40 mau hakina ka'āpana. Hiki ke mālamaʻia nā'āpana kālā liʻiliʻi i nā'āpana kālā liʻiliʻi, nā kumukūʻai o nā'āina āpau a me nā kumuʻoihana.
Ke hoʻohuiʻoe i nā kālā lālā i ke kōpili, hiki paha iāʻoe ke koho i kekahi mau lālā no ka hoʻolālā wā lōʻihi, he mau lālā no ka hoʻopili kālā pōkole, a he hui pūʻia paha. Eia kekahi laʻana,ʻo kekahi poʻe mea waiwai kālā e manaʻoʻiʻo ana i kaʻenehana a me ka olakinoʻelua mau lālā e hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka māla nui ma nā makahiki e hiki mai ana. Hiki iā lākou ke koho e hoʻonui i nā kālā o kaʻenehanaʻenehana a me nā kālā o ka pūʻai olakino i kā lākou kōpili.
He hoʻolālā no ka hoʻolālā wā pōkole me nā kālā o ka lālā kahi i ka wā e hoʻololi kekahi mea kālā i nā waihona waiwai i nā lālā palekana ma mua o ka holomuaʻana a me ka halihali makai . Aia nā lālā palekana me nā pono hana, ka mālama ola, a me nā kikowaena mea kūʻai.
Nā'ōlelo hope loa a me nā'ōlelo hōʻeuʻeu ma ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana i nā pūʻulu kālā
ʻOiaiʻaʻole he hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻiʻana e hoʻoili i kēlā me kēia waihona kālā ma kāu kōpili, he 5 pakeneka ka nui o ka pakeneka maikaʻi. Hiki paha kēia e like me kahi'āpana liʻiliʻi akā ua lawaʻo ia e hoʻohui i ka laulā i kahi kōpili i ka manawa e hoʻihoʻi mai ai. No laila, inā hoʻoholoʻoe e hōʻuluʻulu iʻekolu kālā i kāu kōpili, hiki i kēlā me kēia i loaʻa he 5% o ka hoʻoiliʻana no ka hoʻohālikeʻana i ka 15%.
ʻO ka nui o nā kālā i loko o nā kālā o ka pūʻulu hiki ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia i kāu kōpili. Eia kekahi laʻana,ʻo nā kumuhana bio-technology, kahi lālā o ke olakino, uaʻike i nā lanakila pōkole hikiʻole ma ka wā pōkole, akā, i ka nuiʻana o ka nui. Inā kūʻai nui ka mea kūʻai i ke kālā o kaʻenehana tech-tech ma mua o ka emiʻana o ka nui, hiki iā ia ke hana nui i ka poino i ke kōpili.
E hoʻomanaʻo hoʻi i kahi kālā'ē aʻe, e like me kāu mālama paʻa, e hāʻawi paha i kaʻike i nā'āpanaʻoihana aʻoihana nui aʻoihana paha. No laila, ināʻoe i kūʻai i kahi waihona lālā a ua hōʻikeʻia he 5 pakeneka o kāu waiwai kōpili, hiki ke piʻi aku ka nui o kaʻikeʻana i kēlā meena i ka 5 pakeneka ma muli o nā kālā'ē aʻe.
Ka Hoʻohaha:ʻO kaʻike ma kēia pūnaewele ua hoʻolakoʻia no ke kūkākūkāʻana wale nō, aʻaʻole pono e kuhiʻia e like me ka'ōlelo aʻo kālā. ʻAʻohe kumu e hōʻikeʻia kēiaʻikepili i manaʻo e kūʻai a kūʻai aku i nā palekana.