Hoʻokumuʻia ka minuke i kahi o 40% o ke keleawe o ka honua
ʻO ka 20 nui loa o nā keleawe i loaʻa i ka honua he 9 miliona mau tononi o ke kinaki waiwai i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ma kahi o 40 pakeneka o ka nui o ke kola keleawe . Chile a me Peru, kahi wale nō, no ka hapalua o nā mines keleawe ma kēia papa inoa, akāʻo ka US e hana i keʻoki, meʻelua mines ma waena o ka 20.
He mea nui ke kele i kaʻu a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. ʻO ka uku nui o ka hoʻolālāʻana i kahi mine nui, uaʻikeʻia i loko o kaʻikeʻana o nāʻehiku o nāʻoihana he umi iʻoi aku i ka hui pūʻia e nā hui nui. Me nā kālā kiʻekiʻe o ka hana, hanaʻia nā'eneke keleawe ma kahi o 80 pakeneka o ka hoʻopihaʻiaʻana o ka hao keleawe i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ke koena he 20% e puka mai ana mai nā kumu puna hou.
ʻO ka papa inoa ma lalo nei ua hōʻuluʻuluʻia mai ka Hui Hui Pū'Ipuni Hui Pū Aku o ka International Copper Group o 2017 . Ma waho o kēlā me kēia inoa o koʻu inoa,ʻo ia ka'āina e waiho nei i loko a me kona hiki i ka manawa i nā kilota. Hoʻohālikeʻia ke tonika like me ka 2,200 paona. ʻO ke kilo kilokilo (kt) he 1,000 metric ton.
01 Kahiki - Chile (1.27 Kt)
ʻO BHP Billiton (BECK)ʻo Cederica i ka hui pūʻia me ka BHP Billiton (57.5 pakeneka), Rio Tinto Corp (30 pakeneka), a me Iapana Escondida (12.5 pakeneka). ʻO ka moʻokūkī nui o Escondida kaʻu mau helu no ka 5 pakeneka o ka keleawe a pau o kaʻu keleawe. Hoʻopukaʻia ke gula a me ke kālā ma nā huahana mai kaʻili.
02 Grasberg - Indonesia (750 Kt)
ʻO ka Grasberg mine, aia ma nā kuahiwi o ka'āinaʻo Pepuaʻo Indonesia,ʻo ia ka nui gula nui loa o ka honua a me kaʻoi aku o ka nui o ka mine keleawe. Hanaʻia e PT Freeport Indonesia Co.,ʻo koʻu hui he hui like ma waena o Freeport McMoRan (90.64 pakeneka) a me ke aupuni Indonesian (9.36 pakeneka).
03 Morenci - USA (520 Kt)
ʻO ka Morenci aʻu ma Arizona ka moku keleawe nui loa maʻAmelika Hema. Hoʻopihaʻia e Freeport McMoRan,ʻo ka hui i hoʻohui pūʻia e ka hui (85 pakeneka) a me nā hui hui Sumitomo (15 pakeneka). Hoʻomaka houʻiaʻo Morenci no ka hanaʻana i ka makahiki 1872 a ua hoʻolālāʻia iʻekolu mau minuʻu.
04 Buenavista del Cobre (510 Kt)
ʻO Buenavista, ka mea i kapaʻiaʻo Cananea he mine keleawe, kahi i Sonora, Mekikoka,ʻo ia ka hapa nui keleawe nui loa o ka honua ma nā wahi lawaiʻa. ʻO ka lua o ka lua i loaʻa he 27 miliona mau tononi keleawe.
Hoʻopukaʻia i ka makahiki 1899,ʻo Cananea kekahi o nā moena luahi mua loa maʻAmelika Hema aʻo ia ka mea i hoʻohanaʻia a mālamaʻia e ka Hui Kinaika Hui (SCC), he lālā o Grupo Mexico.
05 Cerro Verde II - Peru (500 Kt)
ʻO ko Cerro Verde koʻu keleawe, kahi 20 mau mile ma ke komohana hema o Arequipa i Peru,ʻo ia kaʻehikuʻehiku o ka nui o ka mine keleawe ma ka honua nei. ʻO ka loko o ka lua i pukaʻia he 12.9 miliona mau tononi o ke keleawe i loaʻa.
Ua holomuaʻo Cerro Verde mai ka makahiki 1976.ʻO Freeport-McMoRan (FCX), he 53.56 pakeneka ka nui o kona hoihoi,ʻo ia ka meaʻoihana o kaʻu. ʻO nā mea'ē aʻe e komo pū ana me SMM Cerro Verde Netherlands, he lālā o Sumitomo Metal (21 pakeneka), Compañia de Minas Buenaventura (19.58 pakeneka), a me nā mea kuleana lehulehu (5.86 pakeneka).
06 Kollahuasi - Chile (454 Kt)
ʻO kaʻilima nui loa o Chile,ʻo Collahuasi,ʻo iaʻo ka moku o AngloʻAmelika (44 pakeneka),ʻo Glencore (44 pakeneka), a me Mitsui + Nippon (12 pakeneka). ʻO Collahuasi koʻu e lawe mai i ke kūpaʻa keleawe a me nā koʻi a me ka māhele molybdenum . ʻO ka hapa nui o ka mea i hanaʻia ma Collahuasi, ua kūʻaiʻia aku i nā mea puhi ma Kina no ka hoʻoulu houʻana.
07 Antamina - Peru (450 Kt)
ʻO ka Antamina keleawe-zinc koʻu aia i 170 mau mile ma ka'ākau o Lima. Hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ke kālā, bismuth , molybdenum, a me ke alakaʻi mai ka hua i hanaʻia ma Antamina. Hoʻohuiʻia e BHP Billiton (33.75 pakeneka), Teck (22.5 pakeneka), Glencore (33.75 pakeneka), a me Mitsubishi Corp ((10 pakeneka), ua hoʻokuʻuʻia ka mine i ka 2019.
08 Las Bambas - Peru (450)
ʻO Las Bambas he 7,000 miliona kekona ka nui o nā talena keleawe a me nā kolake he 12.6 miliona metoni. Ke hoʻohālikelike nei ka poʻe lawelawe o kaʻu mauʻoihana ma nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, e hoʻonuiʻia ka nui aʻe o 2 miliona mau tālena keleawe.
ʻO koʻu mau meaʻoihana e hoʻoemi i 75 miliona mau tononi o nā mea waiwai i ka makahiki 2014 ma mua o ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka hana minina. Manaʻo lākou heʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kaʻoihana Las Lasbas ma mua o 20 mau makahiki mai ka nui o kānaʻikeʻana; aia wale nō 10% o ka waiwai i nānāʻia a hiki i kēia manawa.
09 Polar Division (Norilsk / Talnakh Mills) - Russia (450 Kt)
Ke hanaʻia nei kaʻu moku ma keʻano he mahele o ka Polar Division o MMC Norilsk Nickel . Aia ma Siberia,ʻaʻoleʻoe makemake e hana maʻaneʻi keʻoleʻoe e makemake i ke anuanu. Hoʻomaka ka lepo nickel lalo i ka hua'ōlelo i nā makahiki 1930 a he kumu no ka huihuʻu koko , ke gula, ke kālā, a me ka metinuma , a me ke keleawe.
10 El Teniente - Chile (432 Kt)
ʻO ka mokupuni nui o ka honua,ʻo El Teniente, aia ma ka Andes o Central Chile. Ua mālamaʻia a lawelaweʻia e ka meaʻilima pahupa'āina Chileʻo Codelco,ʻo El Teniente mai ka makahiki 19 mai nei a aia i kēia manawa iʻoi aku ka nui o nā 1,500 mile o nā tunnels.
11 Los Bronces - Chile (410 Kt)
Aia kekahi ma Chile,ʻo ka Los Bronces mine e paʻa pūʻia e AngloʻAmelika (75.5 pakeneka) a me Mitsubishi Corp. (24.5 pakeneka). ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻiaʻana he $ 2.5-biliona-i hoʻolālāʻia i ka makahiki 2012 - ua hoʻonuiʻia kaʻike o ka mine i kona kūlana o kēia manawa ma mua o 400,000 metric toneta i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
12 Hana Honua - Chile (400 Kt)
Aia ma ka waena o Chile ka Coquimbo, he hui pū kekahi me Los Pelambres i waena o Antofagasta Plc (60 pakeneka), Nippon Mining (25 pakeneka), a me Mitsubishi Materials (15 pakeneka). Me ke awelika o kaʻoi aku o ka 0.6 pakeneka keleawe, hana ka mine i ka waihona keleawe a me ka molybdenum i ka hāʻawiʻana i nā kumukūʻai gula a me kālā.
13 Chuquicamata - Chile (350 Kt)
ʻO Codelco ka moku'āinaʻo Chile ka mea nona a hana i ka copper keleawe ma Codelco Norte (ko Chuquicamata) ma ka'ākau o Chile. ʻO ka nui o kaʻona o ka lua o ka honua nui, ua hoʻohanaʻo Chuquicamata i kahi haneli i hanaʻia i ka keleawe a me ka molybdenum i hoʻoheheʻeʻia.
14 Radomiaro Tomic - Chile (330 Kt)
ʻO Radomiro Tomic copper mine, aia i loko o ka Desertʻo Atacama o ka'ākauʻo Chile,ʻo ia kaʻewaluʻewalu o ka nui o nā mea keleawe ma ka honua. ʻO ka loko o ka lua puka he 12 miliona metric talena keleawe.
Hanaʻia kahi hana no ka Radomiro Tomic Copper Sulphide Mine Phase Ua hoʻopauʻia wau i loko o Iune 2010 me kahi kālā $ 370 miliona. Ua hoʻokomoʻia kahi'ōpala i hapa no kēia māhele, e kiʻi i ka 100,000 metric tonnes of sulfide mineral i kēlā lā i kēia lā mai ka mine aku i kahi mea kōkeke i Chuquicamata.
15 Sentinel - Zambia (300 Kt)
Ua hoʻokumuʻia ke kāpena Sentinel i ka makahiki 2014, a ua hoʻomaka ka mine e hana i ke keleawe i ka hoʻomaka muaʻana o ka makahiki 2015. He 55 miliona mau tononi ka nui o ke kolamu i ka makahiki,ʻo ia ka nui o nā koina o Sentinel, me kahi 50% o ke keleawe.
Hoʻopiliʻia ka Ore i loko o ka lua a laweʻia i ka'āina a ma luna o kahi huapili lepoʻeleʻele i mua oʻelua mau kaʻa kālā,ʻo kēlā me kēia me kahi mea SAG a me kahi mīhini kaʻa hoʻokahi. ʻO kēlā me kēia moku'āina aia nāʻelimaʻelima o nā pūnaewele lele. ʻO ka mahele hope loa ma ka papa o ka 24 hekeli keleawe ke paʻiʻia a hoʻopaʻaʻia i loko o kahi hale mālama mālama.
16 Bingham Canyon - USA (280 Kt)
ʻO ka Canyon Mine Bingham, ka mea iʻike nuiʻiaʻo Kennecott Copper Mine, he lua nui ma ka hema hema o Salt Lake City. Ua hanaʻo Bingham i ka "nuiʻole o nā volcanoes landslide i ka moʻolelo" i ka makahiki 2012, e like me Mining.com, akā kūkulu houʻia i loko o nā mahina he 18 a ke hana hou neiʻo ia i 280 mau mikili keleawe i ka makahiki. ʻEono mau miliona miliona o ka lepo e pono e hukiʻia a me nā alanui hou i kūkuluʻia ma mua o ka hoʻomakaʻana e haʻalele.
17 Kansanshi - Zambia (270 Kt)
ʻO ka ipu keleawe nui loa ma'Afelika,ʻo Kansanshi ka moku a i mālamaʻia e Kansanshi Mining PLC, he 80 pakeneka i loaʻa i ka lālā First Quantum. ʻO ke koena he 20% o ka moku i mālamaʻia e kekahi lālā o ZCCM. ʻO koʻu moku aia ma kahi o 6 mile ma ke kūkulu'ākau o Solwezi ame 112 mau mile i ke kūkulu'ākau o ke kūlanakauhale Copperbelt o Chingola.
18 Iromoma - Peru (250 Kt)
ʻO ka Minera Chinalco Peru ka lawelaweʻana i ka Toromocho mine, ma ka District District o Morocoka, ka mokunaʻo Yauli, ma ka Mokuna Junin. Ma o ka hoʻonuiʻana i kaʻike'āina, ua loaʻa i kahiʻoihana o kaʻoihana kahi lahui he 1,526 miliona metona o ke kola me ke awelika o ke keleawe he (0.48 pakeneka), he kaukaʻoi o ka molybdenum o (0.02 ōkene,) a me ke kālā o 6.88 grams ma ka ton.
19 'Olumepika' Olumepika - Australia (225 Kt)
ʻO ka hao o ka 'Olumepika, i paʻaʻia e ka BHP, heʻepa uranium, he keleawe, he gula, a he kālā kālā. ʻO nā mea iʻikeʻia no kona uranium-ka mine ka waiwai nui nui loa o ka uranium i loko o ka honua-ʻo Damauli Olympic ka hale o kaʻehā hapa nui o ka waihona kālā keleawe. Ua'ōleloʻo MHM BHP i ka mid-2017 e hoʻolālā ana e hoʻohana i kahi 600 miliona'Akelika ($ 462 miliona) e hoʻokumu i ke kahua no ka ulu lōʻihi.
20 Mutanda - Repubalika Kuleanaina o Congo (220 Kt)
ʻO ka Mineanda Mine heʻilima keleawe iʻikeʻia ma ka moku Katanga o ka Repubalika Kipelika Kongo o Congo. I ka makahiki 2017, ua kūʻaiʻo Glencore i kahi kūlana he 31-pakeneka ma Mutanda Mine no $ 960 miliona. I ka makahiki 2015, ua hoʻopukaʻo Mutanda i nā 216,100 metric toneta o ke keleawe - kahi hua i lele i 220 mau kilo likelika i ka 2016-a 16,500 metric tonnes of cobalt,ʻoi aku ma mua o nā mea'ē aʻe ma Congo. "ʻO ka hana i manaʻoʻia kekahi o nā waiwai nui o Glencore a me kahi hana nui ma ka DRC, i ke aloha nui i kona mau koina kiʻekiʻe a me ka uku hoʻonuiʻana," e like me Mining.com.