ʻO ke koleka , ka mea i lawe muaʻia ma keʻano huahana o ka nickel a me ke keleawe o kaʻaila, e uku nuiʻia ma ka Repubalika Democratic Republic of Congo, Kina, Rusia, Kanada, a meʻAsuria.
Akā naʻe,ʻaʻole iʻaneʻane kahi o nā'enela papaʻa ma kahi kokoke i nā punaewele o koʻu mau pūnaewele. Ma ka mea kūʻai, kūʻai nui nā mea kūʻai kumukūʻai i ka pale kaukau mai nāʻano mines a me ka moku i ko lākou mau wahi pono'ī.
I ka makahiki 2014, he 91,754 metric tonnes (MT). ʻO kaʻeiwa mau meaʻoihana nui loa, a me China,ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hapa nui o kēia nui.
Eia naʻe,ʻaʻohe paʻakikī ka loaʻaʻana o nāʻikepili huahelu mai nā mea ulana Kina. Ua hōʻuluʻuluʻia nā helu helu'ōlelo Hawaiʻi no nā hua'ōlelo ma ka pane ma lalo.
ʻO nāʻikepili no ka papa inoa e kauʻia ana ma nā helu i hāʻawiʻia e ka Cobalt Development Institute.
Hōʻikeʻia nā huahana palekana palekana no ka makahiki 2014 ma lalo nei i kahi metric tonnes kokoke i ka inoa o kēlā me kēia hui.
01 China (ʻOihana) - 39,292MT
ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻonuiʻia o ka hoʻouluʻana o nā kolepa Kina i loko o nā makahiki he hala i hala aku nei, ua hoʻouluuki i ka'āina e lilo i mea nui loa o ka honua i mea hoʻoheheʻeʻia.
02 Freeport Cobalt (Finland) - 11,452MT
ʻO ka Export Kokkola kolepa pinepineʻo Freeport i Finnish he mea hana nui o nā lāʻau kaupaʻa no ka pigment, ka ceramic, ka metallurgy, ka pakuhi, a me nā mea hana'ē aʻe.
Ua loaʻa ka momona mai OM Group, Inc. i ka makahiki 2013 na kekahi hui i alakaʻiʻia e Freeport-McMoRan a me nā Tenke Fungurume Mining, Lundin Mining Corp., a me Gecamines. Ke hana neiʻo ia ma Freeport Cobalt.
He pūnaewele kuleana nui kēia pūʻulu a ke hoʻohana nei i ka Mineke Fungurume Mine ma ka Repubalika Dulaka o Congo (DRC). Hāʻawiʻia kēia i ka Kokkola me ka hoʻokūpaʻa mau o ka noʻonoʻo kau.
03 Glencore (Various) - 9,300MT
ʻO Glencoreʻoihana ma Nikkelverk,ʻO Norway ka meaʻoi aku ka nui o ka nickel ma ke komohana. ʻO nā nickel e pili ana i ka cobalt, a me ke gula, ka platinum , a me ka palladium , e laweʻia mai nā mines ma Kanada (Sudbury a me Raglan) a me nā kumuhana maʻamau no ka hanaʻana.
Aia i ka hui kekahi mau hoʻouluʻu nui nui ma Minara,'Atalialia, a me Katanga, DRC.
ʻO ka huahana palekana o ka hui i hoʻopiliʻia he 10 mau pakeneka o ka hana honua ma ka makahiki 2014.
04 Umicore (Belgium) - 5,850MT
ʻO nā'āpana kūikawā nuiʻo Umicore e hoʻohui i ka cobalt no kona papahana'Oleka a me nā mea koʻikoʻi (CSM) ma kona mau kikowaena ma Belgela a me Kina. Ke hoʻolimalima a kūʻai aku nei kaʻahahui i nā hua o ka cobalt mai ka makahiki 1912 a uaʻoi aku ma mua o ka pāluaʻana o ka hōʻike mai ka makahiki mai 2010.
05 Chambishi / ENRC (Zambia) - 4,317MT
ʻO Chambishi Mīkoi PLC kekahi mea'eneke keleawe a me ka mea hana papahana Zambia i hoʻohanaʻia e ka ENRC Group (90% waiwai). Hāʻawiʻia nāʻoihana mahi minamina a me nāʻoihana o ka hui i loko o Zambia, kahi e lawelaweʻia ana ka kūʻai a me ka kūʻaiʻana e nā hui pūnaewele Dubai i hoʻokumuʻia e FZE.
ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana o Chabal i ka makahiki 2014 ua emi iho ma kahi o 14% mai ka makahiki 2013 a hiki i 4,317MT.
06 Sumitomo (Iapana) - 3,654MT
ʻO Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. (SMM) he lālā o ka hui Sumitomo, kahi o nā keletsu nui loa o Iapana, aiʻole nāʻoihanaʻoihana.
ʻO kahi kanaka nui a me ka mea hoʻolāʻau keleawe, nickel a me ke gula, he 27.5 pakeneka ka SMM i ka Project Ambickvy Nickel ma Madagascar, me Sherritt International a me Korea Resources Corp.
ʻO Nickel Refinery Nā Niihau Nickel Refinery a me ka nalu beehi a me ka cobalt ma Iapana. ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka makahiki 2014 he 25 pakeneka mai ka makahiki ma mua o 3,654MT.
07 Sherritt / ICCI (Canada) - 3,210MT
ʻO Sherritt International o Kanada he 50% o ke kumupene i loko o ka Moa Joint Venture (Cuba) a me kahi kumukūlua he 40 ma ka papahana Ambatovy (Madagascar).
ʻO ka Hui Hoʻohui Moa he hanana nickel a me ka huiʻana me nā huiʻekolu:ʻO Cobalt Refinery Company (CRC), International Cobalt Company Inc. (ICCI) a me Moa Nickel SA.
ʻO nā mea waiwai e ukuʻia e nā lala o Sherritt a me General Nickel Company SA ma ka lua i paniʻia ma hope o ka nickel mine ma Cuba. Hoʻokomoʻia ka pahu o ka nickel a me ka cobalt i kahi Sherritt Fort Fortone wahi no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana.
08 Ambatovy (Madagascar) - 2,915MT
ʻO ka US $ 7 biliona kālā'Amoku Marine Ambatovy a me ka mea hoʻopalapī i hoʻokomo iā Madagascar ma ka palapala'āina māla o ke ao. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻokomo kālā i ka makahiki 2014, akāʻo ka hoʻomauʻana o Ambatovy i ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o ka 60,000 tonnes o ka nickel i hoʻopiliʻia a me 5,600 tonnes o ka pale male.
He hui pūʻo Ambatovy i nā huiʻehā -ʻo Sherritt International Corporation (40%) a me SNC-Lavalin Incorporated (5%) mai Kanada mai, Sumitomo Corporation (27.5%) mai Iapana, a me Korea Resources Corporation (27.5%) mai Korea mai.
09 Queensland Nickel PL (Australia) - 2,519MT
ʻO Queensland Nickel e lawelawe ana i ka Palmer Nickel a me Cobalt Refinery (ʻo ia hoʻiʻo Yabulu), kahi kokoke i 25km (16 mi) ma ka'ākau o Townsville, Queensland.
Mai ka makahiki 1974 mai, ua pili ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i nā mea i laweʻia mai New Caledonia, Indonesia, a me ka Philippines mai ka makahiki 1986.
Laweʻia ka Ore ma o ka Port of Townsville a hiki i ka hoʻouluʻana ma kahi kūlepa kahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia ai kaʻaila me ka kūʻai aku e like me ka meaʻai i hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia i nā mea hana hana maʻa.
10 Norilsk Nickel (Russia) - 2,186MT
ʻO Norilsk Nickel ka mea hana nui loa o ka nickel a me ka palladium a me kekahi o nā mea nui loa o ka cobalt, platinum, a me ke keleawe.
ʻO nā kumuhana papahana nui o ka huiʻo Kola Mining a Metallurgical Company, ka Polar Division a me Norilsk Nickel Harjavalta (Finland).
E hahai i Terence ma Google