NāʻOhana no nā Hōʻailona Hōʻike i nā Mānā
ʻO ke kauʻana o ka metallographic he mea hoʻohana i nāʻano hanahana e hoʻohālikelike i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā metala ma nāʻano microscopic. Ma o ke aʻoʻana i keʻano , ka nui, a me ka maheleʻana o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona likeʻole, hiki i nā metallurgists ke wānana a wehewehe i nā waiwai kino a me nā hana i hanaʻoleʻia o kahi hōʻailona o ke kila.
Pehea e hoʻonui ai i keʻano o nā pilikia ma nā metal?
ʻO ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona metallurgical he microscopic i ka nui; ʻaʻole hiki keʻike a nānāʻia paha me ka hanaʻole o ka 50x a ma kahi o 1000x i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā microscopes māmā.
No ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i kēlā mau hiʻohiʻona, pono e hoʻolālāʻia kekahi'ōpili lākiō i kahi paukū-like-like. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ma lalo o kahi microscope, kahi'ōniʻoniʻo nani e like me kahi māla keʻokeʻo.
No ka hoʻohālike i kaʻokoʻa ma waena o nā māmā o ka microstructure o ke metala, hoʻohanaʻia nā mīkini ulaula iʻikeʻia e like me nā mea kūʻai. Hoʻopilikia nā mea kūʻai i kekahi o ia mau māmā, i hōʻikeʻia e like me nā'āpana pouli. Hiki paha kēia no ka hoʻololiʻana o ka hoʻohuiʻana, ka hanana, a me ka mahele o ke kinona e hoʻololi i ka huina pili o ka corrosion keʻikeʻia i kahi mea nānā.
Hoʻokomoʻia nā kākā'ōlelo e hōʻike:
- keʻano a me ka nui o nā palena o ka palaoa (nā pōʻino o ka hale kalame)
- me nā kinona (nāʻano likeʻole o ke kila i loko o kahi mea hana)
- inclusions (ka nui o nā mea haoʻole)
- ke kūpaʻa o nā mea e pale ai, ma nā mea'elepona
- nā hakahaka a me nā hihia'ē aʻe i nā welds
- ke kūlana, ka maikaʻi, a me ka lahilahi o nā mea pale
Nāʻano o ke kaulike kaulike
Wahi a ka Metalographic.com, "ʻO ka hoʻolālā kahi hana no ka hōʻikeʻana i keʻano o nā mea i hanaʻia,ʻo nā hana maʻalahi maʻalahi:
- ʻOihana
- Electrolytic
- Keʻena
- Plasma
- ʻO ka paʻakai paʻakai
- Hoʻolaha
ʻO keʻano o nāʻano maʻamau a pau he māmā a me ke kāpili'eneke.
ʻO ka'ōpona'aleʻa heʻano hui pūʻia o ka waikawa a mea paha me kahi mea hoʻonāukihue a mea ho'ēmi paha i loko o kahi meaʻaeʻa e like me ka meaʻawaʻawa. ʻO ka hanaʻana i nā kānana kemikalikoʻia he hui pūʻia me nā meaʻenehana me ka volter volter / current. "
Pehea e hoʻohanaʻia ai i ke kāpena e hana ai i ke kalapili kala
ʻO nā meaʻonika he poʻeʻepekema i kūkalena i ka hana a me ke kelekema o nā metala. Ke hāʻule nā metals (e like paha, e hāʻule ana kahi hale), he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i nā kumu. Ke nānā nā metallurgists i nā mea likeʻole o ke kinona no ka hoʻoholoʻana i nā kumu o ka hōʻino.
Aia ma kahi o nā haneliʻano heʻumi a me nāʻano likeʻole e like me ka amonia, hydrogen peroxide, a me ka waikawa hydrochloric. Hoʻololi nā kūmole likeʻole no ka hoʻopiliʻana i nā metals likeʻole. ʻO kekahi laʻana,ʻo ASTM 30, i hanaʻia i ka Amoni,ʻo Hydrogen Peroxide (3%), a me DI Water, hoʻohanaʻia no ke kāpili keleawe. Keller's Etch, i piha i ka wai i hoʻopauʻia, ka wai Nitric, ka waiuma waiū, a me ka waiuma Hydrofluoric,ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka hoʻopiliʻana i nā aluminika aluminika a me nā alala.
Ma ke kauʻana i nā meaʻokoʻa likeʻole, hiki i nā metallurgists ke hōʻike i nā hopena o nā pilikia kūpono i nā mea kaulike. Hiki i ke kilokilo ke hōʻike i nā mīkini liʻiliʻi, pores, a iʻole ke komoʻana i nā mea metala. ʻO kaʻike i hāʻawiʻia e ka paʻiʻana e hiki ai i nā metallurgists keʻike i ke kumu o kaʻoleʻana o ke kinona.
I ka manawa eʻikeʻia ai kekahi pilikia nui, hiki iāʻoe ke pale i ka hopena likeʻole i ka wā e hiki mai ana.