ʻO nā kumukūʻaiʻumi keu keu he nui i heluʻia ma kahi o 20 miliona metric tons o ka hanaʻana i ka makahiki 2011 aiʻole paha o ka hapalua o ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o ka pae honua.
ʻO ka papa inoa ma lalo nei e hoʻokumuʻia ia ma nā pukahana mai nā mines e like me ka noiʻi i hanaʻia e ka hui kūkāʻo CRU. ʻO nā kiʻi hoʻonohonoho - i hōʻikeʻia ma kēlā me kēia inoa o ka hui - aia i loko o nā mano he metoni kekona.
01 United Hui Rusal (Lūkini) - 4,127MT
Paena pūnaewele: www.rusal.ru/en
02 Rio Tinup (UK / Australia) - 3,829MT
ʻO Rio Tinto i hoʻopukaʻia i kahi o 4 miliona mau tononi o ke alumini i hoʻoheheʻeʻia i ka makahiki 2011. Aia kaʻoihana a me ka lawelaweʻana i nā minina bauxite a me nā alumina refineries ma Brazil, Australia, Guinea, a me Canada. ʻO kona mau alumini aluminiʻenehana aia ma Kanada (8 mau mea smelters), Cameroon, France, Iceland, Norway, a me ka Middle East.
I mea e mana ai i kona mau mea puhi, aiaʻo Rio Tinto he mau mana mana 11, a hāʻawi i ka 36% o ka lewa i puhiʻia e nā mea puhi. ʻO nā'āpana alumini lokoʻo Queensland Alumina Ltd., Kitimat a Alouette smelters (Canada),ʻo ka Dunkerque smelter (France), ISAL (Iceland), a me Sohar (Oman).
Paena pūnaewele: www.riotinto.com
03 Alcoa Inc. (USA) - 3,669MT
Ua hoʻokumuʻia ka Hui'Aminiumamika oʻAmelika (Alcoa Inc.) i Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania i ka makahiki 1888 a ke hoʻohana nei i kēia manawa ma nā'āina he 31. He maikaʻi nā kamupene i 25 mau meaʻenehana poʻokela, e helu ana i kahi o 7 pakeneka o ka hana honua.
ʻO ka loaʻa kālā o Alcoa i $ 1.06 biliona i ka makahiki 2011, aia kaʻoihana lawelawe iʻoi aku ma kahi o 61,000 mau limahana. ʻO nā mea waiwai nui o ka'āpana waiwai,ʻo ia ka Fjardaál smelter (Iceland), Alcoa World Alumina a me nā mea kanu (Australia), nā Bahoʻo Baie-Comeau a me Becancour (Canada), aʻo San Cibrao Smelter (Spain) a me nā mea puhi ma Newburgh (Indiana), Ferndale (Washington), a me Rockdale (Texas).
Paena pūnaewele: www.alcoa.com/
04 Hui Aluminium o Kina (Kina) - 3,127MT
ʻO ka Hui Aluminiuma o Kina Lūkini (ʻo ia hoʻiʻo Chalco a me Chinalco) ka mea kūʻai nui loa i hoʻoheheʻeʻia ma Kina. Me kaʻoi aku o kahi o 3 miliona metoni tone o ke kola i ka makahiki 2011, Chalco kahi hana hoʻokele'āina i heluʻia ma Shanghai, Hong Kong a me New York Stock Trade.
Ke hana nei kaʻoihana ma luna o 100,000 mau kānaka a he mau hana hoʻi e pili ana i ke kalapala keleawe , nā huahana kalapona, ke gallium , a me nā honua honuaʻole. ʻO ka mana nui o nā'āpana waiwai waiwai,ʻo Shandong Aluminium Company, Pingguo Aluminum Company, Shanxi Aluminium Plant and the Lanzhou Aluminum Plant.
Paena pūnaewele: www.chalco.com.cn
05 Norsk Moana ASA (Norway) - 1,705MT
ʻO Norsk Hydro ka mea hana nui o nā bauxite, alumina, a me nā huahana alumina i hoʻoheheʻeʻia. ʻO ka hui, kahi i hoʻohana i 22,000 mau kānaka ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, he mau mea kanu i Rjuken, Raufoss, Vennesla, Karmoy, Hoyanger, Ardal, Sunndalsora, Holmestrand a me Magnor (ma Norway). Eia naʻe,ʻo kānaʻoihana hoʻolimalima bauxite a alumina i Brazil, i loaʻa iā Vale mai ka makahiki 2011.
ʻO Qatalum, ma Qatar, he 50-50 hoʻohui hui me Qatar Petroleum a me Norsk Hydro a he hiki i ka manawa o 585,000 toni o ke alumini. Ke komo nui nei ka hui i nā huahana pili i ka ike.
Pūnaewele: www.hydro.com
06 Dubai Aluminum Co. (UAE) - 1,386MT
Hoʻokumuʻia i ka makahiki 1979,ʻo Dubai Aluminum Corp. (aka Dubal) nona a hoʻohana i ka Jebel Ali aluminum smelter, kekahi o nā mea hana nui o ka alumina nui loa ma ka honua. Me kahi makahiki hoʻokahi miliona tononi, ke hana nei ka pāʻani i kahi 2,350-megawatt pūnaehana mana, kahi kumuhana kālaihana nui, kahi kanu hoʻopau a me ka hana hoʻokala.
Loaʻa i ka hui he 50% o ka mahele ma Emirates Aluminium (EMAL) ma Abu Dabi i kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻokomoʻia ka 1.3 miliona metric tononi ma ka 2014.
Pūnaewele: www.dubal.ae
07 Huawei Waiwai Co. (China) - 1,381MT
ʻO ke Kino Kiʻi Kokua Corp. (CPI) he hui kūikawā nui loa e paʻa ana i nā waiwai i ka mana, ke kalahu, ke aluminika, nā alanui kaʻa a me nā awa. I hoʻokumuʻia i ka makahiki 2002, ua hoʻokumuʻia ka lakohana alumina hoʻokomoʻia o ka 2.77 miliona tononi. ʻO ka mana nui o nā'āpana waiwai waiwai,ʻo ia ka Ningxia Qingtongxia Energy a me Aluminium a me CPI Aluminum International Trading Co. Ltd.
Pūnaewele: http://eng.cpicorp.com.cn/
08 BHP Billiton Ltd. (Australia) - 1,249MT
ʻO BHP Billitonʻo kaʻehiku keu loa o ka mea hanahana honua. ʻO ke kōpili alumini o ke kōpuni e komo pū ana me ka bauxite, ka'imahana bauxite no ka hanaʻana o ka alumina, a me ka hoʻonaniʻana o ke alumini alumini.
ʻO nā kumumūlā alumina e komo pū me'Alumar refinery a me smelter (Brazil, 36-40% ka waiwai),ʻo ka Boddington bauxite mine a me Worsley mea kūʻai (Australia, 86%), ka mea Mozal mele (Mozambique, 47.1%), nā Hillside a me ke Bayside smelters (South Africa , 100%) a me Mineração Rio do Norte (Brazil, 14.8%).
Paena pūnaewele: www.bhpbilliton.com/
09 Shandong Xinfa Alumina a meʻElaʻElua - 1,016MT
ʻO Shandong Xinfa Aluminum Group Co. Ltd. kekahi o nā kamupene alumini waiwai nui loa o Kina. Hoʻokumuʻia i ka makahiki 1972, heʻoi aku ma mua o 50 mau lālā o kaʻoihana a 15,000 mau limahana e hana ana i ka mana hana, alumina a me ke alumina puhi, carbon carbon and downstream aluminum product manufacturing.
ʻO ka nui o nā lakohana alumina piha iʻoi aku ma luna o 1 miliona mau toni i kēlā me kēia makahiki aʻo nā waiwai nuiʻo Chiping Huaxin Aluminum Industry Co. Ltd.,ʻo Shandong Xinfa Hope Aluminum Co. Ltd. (Hope Hope Group) a me Guangxi Xinfa Aluminum Co. Ltd.
Paena pūnaewele: www.xinfa.cnal.com
10 Ka Bahrain Bahrain Bull (Bahrain) - 881MT
Ua hoʻokumuʻia ke aluminium Bahrain BSC (aka Alba) i ka makahiki 1968 a ua hoʻokumuʻia he 881,310 metric tononi o ka aluminika nui ma ka 2011.ʻO ka huahana huahana o ka hui pūʻia me nā huapalapala extrusion, nā meaʻenehana, nā mea wai, a me nā pā. I ka makahiki 2012, ua hoʻohana ka hui i 3,000 mau mea lawelawe.
Paena pūnaewele: www.albasmelter.com