No ke aha i kapaʻoleʻia ai ka Index Misery i ka Pau Loa o ka Ola Malama
ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana ka uku piʻi o nā waiwai a me nā lawelawe i ka manawa.
Hoʻololi ka hoʻonui i kou ola ma ka hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻana i kou mana kūʻai. ʻO keʻano o ka pōpilikia ka mea e hoʻonui ai i ka kumu kūʻai o ke ola . I ka wā ma mua, hoʻemiʻia kouʻano nohona . ʻO ia ke kumu i'ōlelo aiʻo Pelekikena Reagan , "ʻO ka hoʻolālā e like me keʻano o ka pahi, he mea weliweli e like me ke kanaka pōā pōā, a he kanaka make."
E like me nā hanana o ka pōʻaiapili pāʻoihana, hōʻailona ka nele i ka hoʻokemu . Hōʻikeʻia ka hōʻailona hōʻailona e hoʻonuiʻia ka hōhā. Pono e hōʻike i ka helu pōʻino i ka wā e hololeki ana ka hoʻolālā aʻoiʻole paha.
ʻO ka Misery Index i loko o kahi Ola Ola
Hiki i ka hoʻokele waiwai waiwai ka hopena i waena o 6-7 pakeneka. ʻO ka lōʻihi maikaʻi o ka uluʻana he 2-3 pakeneka. No ka hoʻokōʻana i kēlā mea, pono nā kānaka hana eʻimi i nā hana maikaʻi. Pono lākou eʻike i ka heluna kūlohelohe o ka nele i ka 4-5 pakeneka. Ke emi ka lihi i kēlā,ʻaʻole hiki i nā hui keʻike i ka nui o nā mea hana maikaʻi e hoʻonui i ka hana.
ʻO ka hopena, e lohi ka ulu.
Pono nō hoʻi kaʻike waiwai waiwai i ka hoʻonui. Kūkulu ka Federal Reserve i kahi o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hoʻonuiʻia o ka 2 pene o ka makahiki āpau. Hoʻomaopopo ka Fed i ka nui o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka ikaika a me nā kumukūʻaiʻai . ʻO ka nui o nā kumukūʻai he loli , mahalo i ka kūʻaiʻana i nā mea kūʻai kālā i nā lā a pau.
ʻO ka helu hōʻeha ma waena o 6-7 pakeneka e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻokele waiwai Goldlocks, me ka nui o ka hoʻonui a me ka nele i ka hana.
Ka Moʻolelo Misery ma ka Makahiki
Ua hoʻokumuʻo Arthur Okun i ka pōʻino ma nā makahiki 1970. Ua makemakeʻo ia e wehewehe i ka hopena o ka nui o ka hanaʻole a me ka hoʻonuiʻiaʻana i kēlā manawa. Ua hana pūʻo'Okun i ke kānāwai o'Okun. Ke'ōlelo neiʻo ia no kēlā me kēia helu pākēka e hāʻule ana ka nele i ka hana, loaʻa i ka 3 pakeneka ka nui o nā'ōnaehana kūwaho maoli. Ua weheweheʻia ka hoʻokele waiwai i waena o ka Honua II a me 1960.
Uaʻoi aku ka nui o ka helu hōʻeha i 20 pakeneka i ka wā o ka Pahūlana Nui ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lōʻihi o ka hanaʻole. I ka makahiki 1944, uaʻoi aku ka nui o ka helu hōʻino i 20 pakeneka ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻonui. Ua aneane hiki i ka 20 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1979 a me 1980 no ka hopena.
Mai ka makahiki 1981,ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka 15 ma mua o ka helu. ʻO ia no ka mea ua maikaʻi ka Fed i ka mālamaʻana i ka hoʻolālāʻana . Hoʻolālā nā poʻe koho i ka hoʻonui i ka kulekele kālā e hoʻomau i ka hanaʻole ma lalo o ka mana. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ua hana lākou i nā pōpē kālā nui e hana pēlā. ʻO ka hapa nui loa o ka pelekikena mai ka makahiki 1980.
| Makahiki | Paʻiʻo Misery | Loaʻaʻole ka hana | Ka hoʻonui |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1929 | 3.8% | 3.2% | 0.6% |
| 1930 | 2.3% | 8.7% | -6.4% |
| 1931 | 6.6% | 15.9% | -9.3% |
| 1932 | 13.3% | 23.6% | -10.3% |
| 1933 | 25.7% | 24.9% | 0.8% |
| 1934 | 23.2% | 21.7% | 1.5% |
| 1935 | 23.1% | 20.1% | 3.0% |
| 1936 | 18.3% | 16.9% | 1.4% |
| 1937 | 17.2% | 14.3% | 2.9% |
| 1938 | 16.2% | 19.0% | -2.8% |
| 1939 | 17.2% | 17.2% | 0.0% |
| 1940 | 15.3% | 14.6% | 0.7% |
| 1941 | 19.8% | 9.9% | 9.9% |
| 1942 | 13.7% | 4.7% | 9.0% |
| 1943 | 4.9% | 1.9% | 3.0% |
| 1944 | 3.5% | 1.2% | 2.3% |
| 1945 | 4.1% | 1.9% | 2.2% |
| 1946 | 22.0% | 3.9% | 18.1% |
| 1947 | 12.7% | 3.9% | 8.8% |
| 1948 | 7.0% | 4.0% | 3.0% |
| 1949 | 4.5% | 6.6% | -2.1% |
| 1950 | 10.2% | 4.3% | 5.9% |
| 1951 | 9.1% | 3.1% | 6.0% |
| 1952 | 3.5% | 2.7% | 0.8% |
| 1953 | 5.2% | 4.5% | 0.7% |
| 1954 | 4.3% | 5.0% | -0.7% |
| 1955 | 4.6% | 4.2% | 0.4% |
| 1956 | 7.2% | 4.2% | 3.0% |
| 1957 | 8.1% | 5.2% | 2.9% |
| 1958 | 8.0% | 6.2% | 1.8% |
| 1959 | 7.0% | 5.3% | 1.7% |
| 1960 | 8.0% | 6.6% | 1.4% |
| 1961 | 6.7% | 6.0% | 0.7% |
| 1962 | 6.8% | 5.5% | 1.3% |
| 1963 | 7.1% | 5.5% | 1.6% |
| 1964 | 6.0% | 5.0% | 1.0% |
| 1965 | 5.9% | 4.0% | 1.9% |
| 1966 | 7.3% | 3.8% | 3.5% |
| 1967 | 6.8% | 3.8% | 3.0% |
| 1968 | 8.1% | 3.4% | 4.7% |
| 1969 | 9.7% | 3.5% | 6.2% |
| 1970 | 11.7% | 6.1% | 5.6% |
| 1971 | 9.3% | 6.0% | 3.3% |
| 1972 | 8.6% | 5.2% | 3.4% |
| 1973 | 13.6% | 4.9% | 8.7% |
| 1974 | 19.5% | 7.2% | 12.3% |
| 1975 | 15.1% | 8.2% | 6.9% |
| 1976 | 12.7% | 7.8% | 4.9% |
| 1977 | 13.1% | 6.4% | 6.7% |
| 1978 | 15.0% | 6.0% | 9.0% |
| 1979 | 19.3% | 6.0% | 13.3% |
| 1980 | 19.7% | 7.2% | 12.5% |
| 1981 | 17.4% | 8.5% | 8.9% |
| 1982 | 14.6% | 10.8% | 3.8% |
| 1983 | 12.1% | 8.3% | 3.8% |
| 1984 | 11.2% | 7.3% | 3.9% |
| 1985 | 10.8% | 7.0% | 3.8% |
| 1986 | 7.7% | 6.6% | 1.1% |
| 1987 | 10.1% | 5.7% | 4.4% |
| 1988 | 9.7% | 5.3% | 4.4% |
| 1989 | 10.0% | 5.4% | 4.6% |
| 1990 | 12.4% | 6.3% | 6.1% |
| 1991 | 10.4% | 7.3% | 3.1% |
| 1992 | 10.3% | 7.4% | 2.9% |
| 1993 | 9.2% | 6.5% | 2.7% |
| 1994 | 8.2% | 5.5% | 2.7% |
| 1995 | 8.1% | 5.6% | 2.5% |
| 1996 | 8.7% | 5.4% | 3.3% |
| 1997 | 6.4% | 4.7% | 1.7% |
| 1998 | 6.0% | 4.4% | 1.6% |
| 1999 | 6.7% | 4.0% | 2.7% |
| 2000 | 7.3% | 3.9% | 3.4% |
| 2001 | 7.3% | 5.7% | 1.6% |
| 2002 | 8.4% | 6.0% | 2.4% |
| 2003 | 7.6% | 5.7% | 1.9% |
| 2004 | 8.7% | 5.4% | 3.3% |
| 2005 | 8.3% | 4.9% | 3.4% |
| 2006 | 6.9% | 4.4% | 2.5% |
| 2007 | 9.1% | 5.0% | 4.1% |
| 2008 | 7.4% | 7.3% | 0.1% |
| 2009 | 12.6% | 9.9% | 2.7% |
| 2010 | 10.8% | 9.3% | 1.5% |
| 2011 | 11.5% | 8.5% | 3.0% |
| 2012 | 9.6% | 7.9% | 1.7% |
| 2013 | 8.2% | 6.7% | 1.5% |
| 2014 | 6.4% | 5.6% | 0.8% |
| 2015 | 5.7% | 5.0% | 0.7% |
| 2016 | 6.8% | 4.7% | 2.1% |
| 2017 | 6.2% | 4.1% | 2.1% |
Hoʻomaopopo:ʻO nā helu helu a pau e like ia me Dekemaba i kēlā makahiki. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka hōʻaia ka makahiki makahiki o nā kumukūʻai Kūʻai no Kekemapa. ʻO kaʻikepili mai ka Hōkū'IpiliʻOihana a me ka Uku Makahikiʻole ma ka makahiki .
ʻO ka helu Misery na ka Pelekikena
Ua hana maikaʻi loaʻo Pelekikena Hoover e like me ka helu hōʻino. Ua loaʻa iā Pelekikena Roosevelt ka hana maikaʻi. Ua hakakā pū lāua me ka pilikia nui. Uaʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pelekikena hoʻomalu i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻana i ka nele i ka hana, aʻo ka hoʻoponopono nuiʻana o nā pelekikena Republican i ka hoʻonuiʻia.
Herbert Hoover (1929-1933) Ua piʻi ka helu hōʻino mai ka 3.8 pakeneka i ka 13.35 no ka pōʻino o ka makahiki 1929, ka hoʻokōʻana i nā tarina Smoot-Hawley , a me ka lepo Dust Bowl . ʻAʻole kōkuaʻo Hoover i nā mea ma ka hoʻouluʻana i nāʻauhau.
Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945) Ua pau ka heluna pōʻino i 25.7 pakeneka i 3.5 pakeneka.
ʻO ka New Deal FDR , ka hopena o ka Dust Bowl, a me ka hoʻomakaʻana o ke Kaua Honua II i hoʻopau i ka pilikia. I ka makahiki 1944, ua kaulimaʻia kaʻaelike Bretton Woods . Ua paniʻo ia i ke kūlana gula me ke kālāʻAmelika. ka hopena i ka hoʻonui
ʻO Harry Truman (1945-1953). Ua hoʻomaka ka pōʻino pōʻino ma ka 4.1 pakeneka, ua piʻi i ka 22 pakeneka ma hope o ka hopena o ke Kaua Honua II i laweʻia i kahi hopena. Hoʻokūʻo Truman i lalo i ka 4.5 pakeneka me ka hana hana a me ka Fair Deal. Ma ka hoʻounaʻana i kōkua iʻEulopa, hoʻonohonoho ka Māhele Marshall i ka noi no nā waiwai oʻAmelika. I ka makahiki 1950, ua hoʻokumu ka Korean War i ka hoʻonuiʻana, e hoʻonui ana i ka helu kaumaha i 10.2 pakeneka. Ma ka hopena o ka hopena o Truman, ua hāʻule ka puʻuwai poino i 3.5 pakeneka.
ʻO Dwight Eisenhower (1953-1962). ʻO ka hoʻihoʻiʻana ma hope o ka pauʻana o ke Kaua Kionia i hoʻouna aku i ka helu hōʻeha i ka 5.2 pakeneka i ka makahiki mua o Eisenhower. Ua piʻiʻia i 8.1 pakeneka i ka wā i lanakila ai kekahi hou. Ua kōkuaʻo ia i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pōʻino i ko John F. Kennedy lanakila ma luna o ka pelekikena hope o ka pana o Richard Nixon.
ʻO John F. Kennedy (1961-1963). Ua hoʻopauʻo Kennedy i ka hoʻolālā, akā, ua kiʻekiʻe ka hanaʻole ma ka manawa i pepehiʻia aiʻo ia i ka makahiki 1963. Ua hoʻomauʻia ka helu hōʻino i ka 8.0 pakeneka.
ʻO Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969). Ua hoʻemiʻo Johnson i ka helu helu i ka 5.9 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1965 me ka hoʻolimalimaʻana ma ka Great Society a me ka Pakulau Vietnam. Akā piʻiʻia i 8.1 pakeneka ma ka hopena o kona makahiki hope loa i ke keʻena.
ʻO Richard Nixon (1969-1974). Ua piʻi ka hōʻailona i ka 11.7 pakeneka ma ka hopena o 1970. Na Nixon i hoʻokumu i ka Ture Hana Hana Hoʻolālā a me nā ka uku uku uku no ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka nele a me ka hoʻonui. Akā, ua hana ka hoʻonāukiuki ma ka hoʻouluʻana i ka ulu. ʻO ka hoʻolālā pākēlī e like me ka Federal Reserve i hoʻokiʻekiʻe aʻe i nā kaʻina ukupanee no ka mālamaʻana i ka hoʻonuiʻana, a laila ua hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻia ia mau mea no ka uluʻana i ka ulu. ʻO kēlā mauʻoihana paʻakikī, ka mea i mālama i ka uku. I ka makahiki 1973, ua piʻi ka heluna pōʻino i 13.6 pakeneka. Ua hoʻopauʻo Nixon i ke kūlana gula , a uaʻoi aku kaʻino iʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai o ka tālā. Ua hoʻopauʻo ia i ke kauaʻo Vietnam, akā haʻaleleʻia no kaʻikeʻo Watergate.
ʻO Gerald Ford (1974-1977). Ua piʻi ka hua'ōlelo i ka 19.5 pakeneka i ka makahiki mua o Ford ma muli o ka hoʻonuiʻiaʻana o ka pale. Ua hāʻule ka helu helu i ka 12.7 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1976 i ka pauʻana o ke kāʻei.
ʻO Jimmy Carter (1977-1981). Ua piʻi ka helu helu i ka 19.7 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1980. Na ka Fed i hoʻonui i ka uku kumukūʻai e hoʻopau i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka manawa a me nā mea a pau. Ua hana ia i kahi hāʻina.
ʻO Ronald Reagan (1981-1988). I ka makahiki 1982, ua hoʻokomoʻo Reagan i ka LoiʻOihana a me ke kānāwai Garn-St.Germain e hoʻoemi i nā kānāwai e pili ana i nā kālā a me nā hōʻai'ē. Ua hoʻonuiʻo ia i ka hoʻolālā koa I ka makahiki 1986,ʻokiʻokiʻo ia i kaʻauhau. ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana i hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka helu hōʻino i ka 7.7 pakeneka. I ka makahiki 1987, ua hoʻonuiʻia ka helu helu o Black Monday i 10.1 pakeneka.
ʻO George HW Bush (1988-1993). Ua hoʻouna ka S & L Crisis i ka helu poino i ka 12.4 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1990. Ua hoʻokomoʻo Bush i Desert Storm, e lawe ana i ka hōʻailona i lalo i 10.3 pakeneka.
ʻO Bill Clinton (1993-2001). Ua hoʻokumuʻo NAFTA i ka uluʻana, hōʻailonaʻo Clinton i ka Bila Hoʻolālā Balanced , ke Kula e hana ai i ke kānāwai , a me ka hoʻoponopono maikaʻi . Ua hoʻonui kēia mau hana a pau i ka uluʻana o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka uluʻana o ka waiwai, me ka hoʻounaʻana i ka helu hōʻino i lalo i 6.0 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1998. Hoʻonuiʻia ka hoʻonuiʻana, hoʻonui i ka hōʻaliʻi i 7.3 pakeneka ma ka hopena o ka makahiki piha hope o Clinton i ke keʻena.
ʻO George W. Bush (2001-2009). ʻO ka makahiki ma mua o Bush i lawe i ka keʻena, ua hōʻikeʻia nā kiʻi kiʻekiʻeʻo NASDAQ . I ka wā i'ōleʻa ai ka'ōhū, ua loaʻaʻo Bush i ke kauʻana. Ua pane akuʻo ia me kaʻoki kālā o kaʻauhau . Ua pane akuʻo ia i ka hōʻeuʻeu 9/11 me ke Kaua ma ke Terror . Ua kaumaha ka hōʻeha i ka hoʻomauʻana, a ua kūkākūkāʻo ia me nāʻoki kālā kālepa JGTRRA 2003 a me ke kānāwai Bankruptcy o ka makahiki 2003. Akāʻo ka Hurricane Katrina hoʻolōʻihi i ka ulu. I ka makahiki 2008, paʻi ka pilikia kālā . Aka, ua mau ka huina kumukuai i ka 7.6 pakeneka ma ka hopena o ka makahiki piha hope o Bush i ka oihana no ka mea, aole i hoomaka ka hana ole i ka pii ana.
Barack Obama (2009-2017). Ua piʻi ka puʻuwai pōʻino i ka 12.6 pakeneka ma ka hopena o 2009, ʻokoʻa ka ARRA a me ka hoʻonuiʻiaʻana o nā pōmaikaʻi hanaʻole . Ua mālama maikaʻiʻia ka hoʻonuiʻana, no laila, ma ka makahiki 2015, ua hāʻule ka index i ka 5.7 pakeneka. Me ka nui o nā helu nui, ua hoʻokuʻu ka poʻe koho pāloka i ka hui hoʻokūkū i ka makahiki 2016 .
ʻO ka Misery Indexʻaʻole ia he kūpono pololei o ke olakino
ʻO ka helu pōʻinoʻaʻole ia he hōʻailona maikaʻi o ke olakino maikaʻi ma muli o ka hanaʻole o kahi hōʻike hōʻailona . Na ka'Āihana e hoʻokau i ka papa kuhikuhi kiʻekiʻe ma hope o ka pauʻana o ke kāʻei.
I loko o nā makahiki muaʻekolu o ke kūpilikiʻi,ʻo ka helu helu ma waena o 3.8-6.6 pakeneka. Ua hoʻolālā ka hoʻolālā i ka 8.5 pakeneka a me ka 6.4 pakeneka. Akā,ʻaʻole i hōʻike ka'ānamu i ka loaʻaʻole o ka hanaʻole he 15.8 pakeneka i ka makahiki 1931.ʻO ia no ka mea ua hōʻinoʻia e ka pale . Ua hiolo nā makahiki i ka paeʻana o ke kālepa o ka honua .
Pēlā nō, ua hoʻomauʻia ka mea i hoʻomauʻia ma luna o 10 pakeneka a hiki i 1942,ʻo nā makahiki ma hope o ka pauʻana o ka Pōʻino. Ua kiʻekiʻe ka nele i ka loaʻaʻole o nā hana i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai nā kumukūʻai e kū i ka paneʻana i ka hoʻonaninani kaua. Akā, ke piʻi nei ka hoʻolālā, e ulu ana i nā helu pālua.
Hōʻike ka moʻolelo o ka manawa hōʻike i ka kiʻekiʻe o ka'onihi pohō ma hope o ka pauʻana o ke kuhiʻana. Eia nā lālā o ka makahiki 1945, 1949, 1957, 1990-1991, 2001 a me ka pilikia o ka makahiki 2008 . Ua hoʻomauʻia ka hua'ōlelo i nā heluʻelua ma o ka hapa nui o nā kuʻina o ka 1970, 1973-1975, a me 1980-1981. Ua hoʻouluʻiaʻo ia e kahiʻano hoʻonui ka mea i kapaʻiaʻo ka hoʻolālā lele
| Makahiki | Paʻiʻo Misery | Ke ulu o GDP | Kāleka |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1929 | 3.8% | NA | Pahū |
| 1930 | 2.3% | -8.5% | |
| 1931 | 6.6% | -6.4% | |
| 1932 | 13.3% | -12.9% | |
| 1933 | 25.7% | -1.3% | |
| 1934 | 23.2% | 10.8% | |
| 1935 | 23.1% | 8.9% | |
| 1936 | 18.3% | 12.9% | |
| 1937 | 17.2% | 5.1% | |
| 1938 | 16.2% | -3.3% | |
| 1939 | 17.2% | 8.0% | Pahū |
| 1940 | 15.3% | 8.8% | |
| 1941 | 19.8% | 17.7% | |
| 1942 | 13.7% | 18.9% | |
| 1943 | 4.9% | 17.0% | |
| 1944 | 3.5% | 8.0% | |
| 1945 | 4.1% | -1.0% | Kāleka |
| 1946 | 22.0% | -11.6% | |
| 1947 | 12.7% | -1.1% | |
| 1948 | 7.0% | 4.1% | |
| 1949 | 4.5% | -0.5% | Kāleka |
| 1950 | 10.2% | 8.7% | |
| 1951 | 9.1% | 8.1% | |
| 1952 | 3.5% | 4.1% | |
| 1953 | 5.2% | 4.7% | Kāleka |
| 1954 | 4.3% | -0.6% | |
| 1955 | 4.6% | 7.1% | |
| 1956 | 7.2% | 2.1% | |
| 1957 | 8.1% | 2.1% | Kāleka |
| 1958 | 8.0% | -0.7% | |
| 1959 | 7.0% | 6.9% | |
| 1960 | 8.0% | 2.6% | Kāleka |
| 1961 | 6.7% | 2.6% | |
| 1962 | 6.8% | 6.1% | |
| 1963 | 7.1% | 4.4% | |
| 1964 | 6.0% | 5.8% | |
| 1965 | 5.9% | 6.5% | |
| 1966 | 7.3% | 6.6% | |
| 1967 | 6.8% | 2.7% | |
| 1968 | 8.1% | 4.9% | |
| 1969 | 9.7% | 3.1% | |
| 1970 | 11.7% | 0.2% | Kāleka |
| 1971 | 9.3% | 3.3% | |
| 1972 | 8.6% | 5.2% | |
| 1973 | 13.6% | 5.6% | Kāleka |
| 1974 | 19.5% | -0.5% | Kāleka |
| 1975 | 15.1% | -0.2% | Kāleka |
| 1976 | 12.7% | 5.4% | |
| 1977 | 13.1% | 4.6% | |
| 1978 | 15.0% | 5.6% | |
| 1979 | 19.3% | 3.2% | |
| 1980 | 19.7% | -0.2% | Kāleka |
| 1981 | 17.4% | 2.6% | Kāleka |
| 1982 | 14.6% | -1.9% | Kāleka |
| 1983 | 12.1% | 4.6% | |
| 1984 | 11.2% | 7.3% | |
| 1985 | 10.8% | 4.2% | |
| 1986 | 7.7% | 3.5% | |
| 1987 | 10.1% | 3.5% | |
| 1988 | 9.7% | 4.2% | |
| 1989 | 10.0% | 3.7% | |
| 1990 | 12.4% | 1.9% | Kāleka |
| 1991 | 10.4% | -0.1% | Kāleka |
| 1992 | 10.3% | 3.6% | |
| 1993 | 9.2% | 2.7% | |
| 1994 | 8.2% | 4.0% | |
| 1995 | 8.1% | 2.7% | |
| 1996 | 8.7% | 3.8% | |
| 1997 | 6.4% | 4.5% | |
| 1998 | 6.0% | 4.5% | |
| 1999 | 6.7% | 4.7% | |
| 2000 | 7.3% | 4.1% | |
| 2001 | 7.3% | 1.0% | Kāleka |
| 2002 | 8.4% | 1.8% | |
| 2003 | 7.6% | 2.8% | |
| 2004 | 8.7% | 3.8% | |
| 2005 | 8.3% | 3.3% | |
| 2006 | 6.9% | 2.7% | |
| 2007 | 9.1% | 1.8% | |
| 2008 | 7.4% | -0.3% | Kāleka |
| 2009 | 12.6% | -2.8% | Kāleka |
| 2010 | 10.8% | 2.5% | |
| 2011 | 11.5% | 1.6% | |
| 2012 | 9.6% | 2.2% | |
| 2013 | 8.2% | 1.7% | |
| 2014 | 6.4% | 2.6% | |
| 2015 | 5.7% | 2.9% | |
| 2016 | 6.8% | 1.5% | |
| 2017 | 6.2% | nā |