ʻO ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana o nā kumukānāwai poʻokela: Definition, Benefits and Strategies
Ke koho nei i ka hōʻailona helu nui e kūʻai e hoʻomaka me ka mākaukau paʻa o kaʻikeʻana o nā kumukūʻai a me nā pōmaikaʻi a lākou e hāʻawi aku ai i nā mea kālā.
Hāʻawiʻia i kahiʻike maopopo o kaʻikepili helu, hiki i kahi mea kālā keʻike i keʻano o ka hōʻoiaʻana iā lākou a pehea e koho ai i nā mea maikaʻi loa no kā lākou mau kumu waiwai palekana. He mea nui nō hoʻi eʻike i ke kumu o ka loaʻaʻana o ka hōʻai'ē hōkū i ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā kālā i hanaʻia.
No laila, me kaʻoiʻole aku o ka holomua, e kiʻi mākou e aʻo e pili ana i nā kumukūʻai helu.
Ka wehewehe kuhikuhi a me ka hiʻohiʻona
ʻOiai ināʻaʻoleʻoe he hoʻomaka, e hoʻomaka ana ke ala i ka papa kuhikuhi poʻokela maikaʻi loa me nā kumuhana. ʻO ka hōʻailona, pili i ka hoʻolālā kālā, he helu helu helu helu o nā palekana e hōʻike ana i kahi māhele o ka māhele. Eia kekahi laʻana,ʻo ka S & P 500 Index , he hōʻailona o 500 mau waihona nui (aka large-cap).
Loaʻa nā'āpana kālā nui he nui i ke ao holoʻokoʻa o ka honua āpau, akā, e hōʻoia maoliʻia ka helu kūʻai o ka māhele maʻamau. E like me ka helu helu helu ma ka polling, he paʻakikī a hana huahua i ka ho'āʻoʻana e hoʻoholo i ka paukū āpau o ka heluna kanaka, a ma ka hihia o ka helu inoaʻana, e hopu i kahi māhele holoʻokoʻa o kahi mākeke. No laila,ʻo kahi helu helu helu helu o kahi mau palekana i loko o kahi mākaʻi kūʻai-i kahi hōʻailona-hiki iā ia ke hōʻike pololei i ka paukū a pau me kaʻole pūnaewele a pau i loko o ka māhele.
No laila i ka manawa e hoʻokumuʻia ai ka hua'ōlelo, e hiki ke kūkuluʻia nā portfolios hui a hoʻolakoʻia i nā mea waiwai.
Ma waho aʻe o ka S & P 500 Index, aia kekahi mau mākaʻokoʻa nui'ē aʻe, e like me ka Dow Jones Industrial Average, ka NASDAQ 100, a me ka Russell 3000.
Hōʻike Waihona'Āina o ka Index: Pehea ka PapahanaʻIke Heluhelu
ʻO ka waihona Index he kālā kālā a Kālā Exchange-Kālepa (ETF) paha e nānā pono i ka hana o ka helu kuhikuhi. ʻO ka waihona kālā S & P 500 Hōʻikeʻia nā kumukūʻai hoʻokahi i loko o ka helu kuhikuhi.
Aia kekahiʻikeʻepekema i ka loaʻaʻana o kaʻike kūpono i kēlā me kēia paʻaʻana, a hiki i loko o nā haneli he mau haneli, ma muli o ka helu kuhikuhi. No ka hoʻokumuʻana i kahi kālā hōʻuluʻulu helu, e hoʻoholo ka pūʻulu hoʻoholo i ka nui (ka helu o nā kuleana) o kēlā me kēia paʻa ma ka papa inoa e kūʻai.
ʻO ka manaʻo,ʻo ia ke hoʻohālikelike i ka pākēkene ka nui o ka helu kuhikuhi. Nā hua'ōlelo e kū ana i ka paʻaʻana i hāʻawiʻia nā hapa nui i ka hapa nui o ka haʻawina i kapaʻia he mau'onikala kaumaha-i kaupaonaʻia (he mau pona kaumāleʻaleʻa a he makaikai pipi poʻokela). ʻO ka S & P 500 he kumu ia o ka helu kaula kaula. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kālā hōʻali e hoʻohālikelike i ka helu kuhi pilalaʻi ma o ka kūʻaiʻana i nā hea o nā kuleana e hana i nā lāʻau me ka mea nui loa i ka mālama nui ma ka pakeneka o ka waihona kālā index. Eia kekahi laʻana,ʻo nā meaʻoi loa e like me Apple (AAPL), Microsoft (MSFT), Alphabet , (GOOG), a me Facebook (FB) no ka meaʻo ia ka lāʻau nui loa i anaʻia e ka nuiʻana o ka makelia.
Nā pōmaikaʻi o ka Hōʻai'ē Lālā
Aia nā kumu kumuʻehā no ke kūʻaiʻana o nā kānaka kūʻai i ka hōʻai'ē hōʻemi no kā lākou mau kumu hoʻokele kālā: 1. ka hoʻomau holoʻokoʻa, 2. nā haʻawina haʻahaʻa, a me 3. ka hoʻolaha nui.
- Manaʻo Passive: Ua'ōleloʻia ka "hoʻoponopono maikaʻiʻia" o ka helu'āina no ka mea eʻimi ana ka luna o ka waihona kālā hōʻailona e kūʻai a hoʻopaʻa i nā hiʻona e hōʻike ana i ka helu helu i hāʻawiʻia no nā mea e pili ana i ka hana o ka index,ʻaʻole e paʻi. Ma ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana, he kūpono ke kumu no ka mālamaʻana i nā mea kālā i ka'ōlelo, "Ināʻaʻole hiki iāʻoe ke paʻi iā lākou, e hoʻohui i ka" em. "
- Nā Kuhi Kuhi Palena:ʻAʻohe o ka luna hoʻonohonoho waihona kālā eʻimi noiʻi i nā palekana aʻaʻole lākou e kau i nāʻoihana he nui. ʻO kēia i nā haʻawina liʻiliʻi, he pālahalaha nui ia no nā kumukūʻai helu no ka mea, ua unuhi ka hua'ōlelo o nā kumukūʻai i ka piʻi aku i luna no ka mea kālā. No kēia kumu, eʻimi i ke kālā o nā kumukūʻai me nā lakene pili haʻahaʻa. Eia kekahi laʻana, hoʻokahi kumu o Vanguard e loaʻa ai kekahi o nā lakene hoʻolālā haʻahaʻa no ka loaʻaʻana o kā lākou kumukūʻai hōʻailona no ka meaʻaʻole lākou i hoʻolaha iki a aia no i kā lākou mau mea kuleana. Inā loaʻa kahi kālā hoʻolālā kālā i ka hōkele kālā o ka 0.12 akāʻo kahi kālā likeʻole e loaʻa ka hōkele kālā o ka 0.22,ʻo ka waihona kumukūʻai o nā kumukūʻai haʻawina e loaʻa koke he 0.10. ʻO kēia wale nō he 10 mau dālā kālā no kēlā me kēia $ 100 i hoʻopiʻiʻia akāʻo kēlā me kēia helu penikala, akā ma ka holo lōʻihi, no ka heluʻana.
- Ka Hoʻoponopono Kuleana:ʻO ka hapa o ka ukuʻana i nā kumukūʻai he haʻahaʻa ka hoʻemiʻana i nāʻauhau ma ka hoʻolimalimaʻana inā hiki. Inā mālamaʻia ke kālā i kahiʻauhau kālā, e auhauʻia nā uku waiwai a me nā'āpana kālā. Hiki i ka'Āina Index ke loaʻa i nā kumukūʻai ka waiwai nui ma muli o ko lākouʻano passive.
- Hōʻike Hou: E hiki i kahi mea kūʻai kālā ke lawe i nā hōʻailona o kahi māhele nui o ka mākele ma kahi waihona waihona index. Hiki ke mālama pinepineʻia nā kumukūnaewele ma nā haneli he nui a he mau kaukani kālā paha; akāʻo ka mālamaʻana i ke kālā i kekahi manawa i ka emiʻana ma lalo o 50 mau kuleana. ʻO ka mea maʻamau,ʻo nā kālā me nāʻoihanaʻoi aʻe he nui kaʻoihana kūʻaiʻoihana ma mua o nā mea i loaʻaʻole nā kuleana; a me nā waihona helu helu e hāʻawi pinepine ana i ka hōʻikeʻana i nā mea palekana aʻe ma mua o ko lākou mau mea i hanaʻia.
Nā Pūʻulu Kūʻai Mutualka maikaʻi loa no ka Index Funds
Inā makemakeʻoe a pono e mālama i kāu kālā ma kahi hui pūʻulu kālā hoʻokahi,ʻo nā pūʻulu waihona kālā maikaʻi loa no nā kālā hōʻaliaʻo Vanguard a me ka Pono:
- ʻO Vanguard Investments : Home o ka "Bogleheads,"ʻO Vanguard kekahi o nāʻoihana maikaʻi loa a punahele hoʻi no nā hui kālā pūʻulu no ka lehulehu hana-it-yourself. Ua hoʻokumuʻo Jack C. "Jack" Bogle i ka hui ma kona manaʻo e hiki ana i nā kālā hōʻemi waihona kumukūʻai hiki ke hāʻawi i nāʻike kiʻekiʻe no ka mea hoʻolimalima lōʻihi. Ua aʻoʻo Bogle i ka huiʻana o nā koina kiʻekiʻe aʻoi aʻe ka manaʻo no ka hewa o nā kānaka e hoʻihoʻi mai no ka mālamaʻana i nā kālā i ka manawa. No laila,ʻo ka manaʻo maʻalahi e pili ana i nā kumukūʻai liʻiliʻi a me ka hoʻopauʻiaʻana o nā mea i hōʻailonaʻia e ka pilina helu i nā kaʻa maikaʻi loa no nā mea hoʻolale kālā, akā, no ka poʻe lōʻihi o ka manawa (ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mau makahiki).
Ke hāʻawi neiʻo Vanguard i nā Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) , iʻaeʻoleʻia e Bogle, i kapa inoa iā ETF e like me keʻano kūpono i ka mea kūʻai kālā.
Fidelity Investments : Uaʻike nui loaʻia no kā lākouʻoihana hana a me ka hoʻolakoʻana i nā lawelawe hana hoʻomaha a me nā huahana, e like me 401 (k) nā papahana a me nā IRA, no nāʻoihana a me nā kānaka,ʻo Viduard paha ka mea nui loa o Vanguard me ka koho nui loaʻana. pūnaewele hōʻailona.
Ka Papahana S & P 500 Index maikaʻi loa
ʻO kaʻoihana S & P 500 maikaʻi loa ka loaʻaʻana o nā mea kumu mua. Kūleʻa lākou i nā haʻawina he nui, hana lākou i ka hana maikaʻi e pili ana i nā puʻu waiwai mālama inoa (i kapaʻia he hūnā hopena), a hoʻohana lākou i nā mea kaulike pono.
Eia nāʻekolu o nā kumukānāwai poʻokela maʻamau e pili ana i ka S & P 500:
- ʻO Vanguard 500 Index (VFINX): Ma mua o 35 mau makahiki i hala, uaʻikeʻo Vanguard ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu John Bogle e hikiʻole i ka hapa nui o nā mea kūʻai kālā ke hoʻopuka pinepine i ka S & P 500 Index ma luna o ka lōʻihi. ʻO kona manaʻo,ʻo ia ke hoʻohālikelike i nā paʻa o ka helu kuhikuhi a mālama i nā koina. Keʻano maʻalahi a me ka ponoʻoleʻelua mauʻoihana nui o ka hoʻokomo waiwai maikaʻi a me Vanguard ka waiwai o kēia mau pono.
- Hoʻokaʻawale Spartan 500 Hōʻike (FUSEX): Ka nui o ka pono, kaʻike me ka heluʻana a me ka makemake e paio me Vanguard e hui pū me ka hāʻawiʻana i kā lākou kumukūʻai hōʻai'ē lua ma Vanguard. ʻO ka manawa pinepineʻole ka waiwai o nā kumukūʻai ma waena o nā mau kahawai nunuiʻelua i kaʻikeʻole i nā lilo a me ka hana. I ka hopena, hoʻokumu ka hoʻolālā i nā kālā kūpono kiʻekiʻe no ka mea hoʻolimalima.
- Hōʻike Swabina S & P 500 (SWPPX): Ua hanaʻo Charles Schwab i ka hana maʻalahi no ka hāʻawiʻana i nā meaʻoi aku ma mua o ka lawelaweʻana i nā hale kūʻai ukali i nā mea hoʻolale kālā: Ua komo nui lākou i loko o nā kumukūʻai hōkū waiwai o Vanguard a me Fidelity. ʻO ko lākou kumukūʻai helu heʻoi aku iʻoi aku kaʻoi aʻe o kaʻoihana kālā ma mua o ko lākou mau mea nuiʻoihana akā ināʻoʻoe he mea kālāʻo Schwab, hiki paha iāʻoe ke mālama i ka uku kālepa no ka hoʻohanaʻana i ke kālā o waho a me ka hoʻohanaʻana i ke kālā helu inoa Schwab.
ʻO ka uku kālā hōʻemi kālā hōkū waiwai
ʻO ka waihona kālā hōʻuluʻulu'āina a pau kahi waihona kālā e mālama nei i loko o ka hōʻailona o nā lāʻau e hoʻohālike ana i nā paʻahao a me ka hanaʻana o kahi pae'āina, e like me ka Wilshire 5000 a iʻole Russell Russell 3000.ʻO ka paʻa o ka hapa nui o nā mea kūʻai o ka US. nā kelepona i kūʻaiʻia ma ke kālepa kālā,ʻo ia ke kumu i hoʻokomo pinepineʻia ai ka inoa o "kaʻaha kūpau" i ka inoa o ka waihona kālā. E like me ka S & P 500 Index Funds,ʻo ka Wilshire 5000 he putea makaikai,ʻo ia hoʻi keʻano o ka nui o nāʻoihana (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui) (ma waena o nā waihona kiʻekiʻe) ma ka pakeneka ma mua o nā kamaliʻi liʻiliʻi.
- ʻO Vanguard Total Stock Market Market (VTSMX):ʻO Vanguard ka mea helu inoa inoa a me VTSMX i loko o ka papa helu helu mua e kiʻi ai i ka māhele kūʻai. Me ka lālā hoʻolālā o ka 0.16 pakeneka, ua hoʻokumuʻo VTSMX i kahi paʻa paʻa e mālama ana no kēlā me kēia kōpana kālā.
- ʻO ka'eneke kālā hoʻolālā kūʻai (SWTSX) : Me ka mahele hoʻolālā o ka 0.09 pakeneka, he paʻakikī ka paʻiʻana i SWTSX keʻoleʻoe e hiki ke loaʻa nā kuhi ka palena haʻahaʻa me kahi o Vanguard's Admiral Shares.
- IShares Russell 3000 Index Fund (IWV) : He ETF kēia e hana maikaʻi ana no ka poʻe kālā i makemake i kaʻoihana kūʻai i loko o ka manawa like me nā kumukūʻai a inā hiki iā lākou ke kūʻai aku i kekahi mau ETF me ka ukuʻole o nā hui. nā uku no ke kūʻaiʻana i nā kālā hōʻalima). Aia ka lālā hoʻolālā o IWV he 0.20 pakeneka.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā Bond Market Index Funds
ʻO ka helu o ka māhele hōʻaleʻa piha e pili ana i ka pūʻulu pili kālā a iʻole Exchange Exchange Trades (ETF) e mālama ana i kaʻAhahui Huiʻo Barclay , kahi iʻikeʻiaʻo BarCap Aggregate. ma ka US
Hiki i nā mea hoʻolale kālā ke hopu i ka hana o ka māhele paʻa maʻamau ma o ka hoʻokomoʻana i kahi pūʻulu helu kālā a iʻole ETF e ho'āʻo ana e hoʻopili hou i ka hana o ka index. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻohālike,ʻo ia hoʻi'oShares Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index (AGG) aʻo Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund (VBMFX).
ʻO ka Index Mutual Funds vs ETF
ʻAʻole pono kaʻimi helu poʻokela a me ETF no ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa. He kūpono ka poʻe koho e noʻonoʻo i nā meaʻelua. ʻO nā uku a me nā hoʻolimalima kaʻenemi o ka mea hoʻokomo waiwai. No laila, ma ka kohoʻana ma waena o nā meaʻelua,ʻo ka mahele hoʻolālā. ʻO ka lua, hiki i kekahi mauʻano kikowai eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kekahi kālā ma luna o kekahi. Eia kekahi laʻana,ʻo ka mea makemake kālā e makemake ana e kūʻai i kahi hōʻailona e pili pono ana i ke kaʻina kūʻai o ke gula, e hiki paha ke loaʻa i kā lākou pahuhopu maikaʻi ma o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka ETF i kapaʻiaʻo SPDR Gold Shares (GLD).
Loaʻa nā lālā o ka FEF i nā liʻiliʻiʻoi aʻe ma mua o nā kumukūʻai helu. ʻO kēia, hiki i ke kumumanaʻo, hāʻawi i kahi'āpana liʻiliʻi ma nā kumukūʻai o ka hōʻai'ē hōʻemi no ka mea hoʻolimalima. Eia naʻe, hiki i nā ETF ke loaʻa nā uku kālepa kiʻekiʻe. Eia kekahi laʻana, e'ōleloʻiaʻoe he pūkewele hoʻokaʻa kālā ma Vanguard Investments . Inā makemakeʻoe e kūʻai i kahi ETF, e ukuʻoe i kahi kālā kālepa e pili ana i $ 7.00, akā naʻe,ʻaʻole hiki i kahi waihona waiwaiʻo Vanguard ke nānā aku i ka helu helu likeʻole kahi uku hoʻolimalima a iʻole komisina.
ʻO ka kālā o ka hōkū kālā he kālā kālā a ua kūʻaiʻia nā ETF e like me nā lāʻau. He aha keʻano o kēia? Eia kekahi laʻana, e'ōlelo mākou e makemake anaʻoe e kūʻai a kūʻai aku paha i kahi kālā kālā. ʻO ke kumukūʻai āu e kūʻai ai a kūʻai aku aiʻaʻole ia he kumu kūʻai; ʻo ia ka NānāʻAla Nalu (NAV) o nā waiwai palekana, a ke kūleʻaʻoe i ka lālā o ke kālā ma ka hopena o ka lā kūʻai. No laila, inā piʻi a hāʻule nā kumu kūʻai kālā i ka lā,ʻaʻoleʻoe e hoʻomalu i ka manawa o ka hoʻokōʻana i ke kālepa. No ka maikaʻi a iʻole ka hewa, loaʻa iāʻoe kahi mea āu e loaʻa ai i ka hopena o ka lā.
I ka hoʻohālikeʻana, kūʻai nā ETF i ka lā. Hiki ke lilo kēia i mea maikaʻi inā hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā hoʻohālā kālā i loaʻa i ka lā. ʻO ka hua'ōlelo ma laloʻo IF . Eia kekahi laʻana, ināʻoe e manaʻo ana uaʻoi aʻe ka piʻiʻana o ka mākaʻikaʻi i ka lā a makemakeʻoe e hoʻohana i kēlāʻano, hiki iāʻoe ke kūʻai i kahi ETF ma mua o ka lā kūʻai a hopu i kāna mau hana maikaʻi. I kekahi mau lā, hiki ke neʻe i kahi kiʻekiʻe a iʻole ka emi o ka mākaʻikaʻi ma kahi o 1.00 pakeneka aʻoi aʻe paha. ʻO kēia ka hopena o ka pilikia a me ka manawa kūpono, e hilinaʻi ana i kou pololei ma ka wānanaʻana i ka hana.
Mahele o ka māhele kūʻai i nā ETFʻo ia ka mea i kapaʻiaʻo ka "pālahalaha,"ʻo ia kaʻokoʻa ma waena o kaʻaha a noi i ka uku o kahi palekana. Eia naʻe, no ka maʻalahiʻana,ʻo ka mea nui loa maʻaneʻi me nā ETFʻaʻole i pālahalaha nuiʻia, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻolaha aʻe aʻaʻole maikaʻi i nā mea waiwai kālā. No laila, e nānā i nā kumukānāwai Kūkākūkā a me nā ETF, i like me ka iShares Core S & P 500 Index (IVV) a e makaʻala i nā wahi kikowaena e like me ke kālā a me ka uku'āina.
Nā Paʻa hope loa no ke kūʻaiʻana i nā kālā kālā
Ma keʻano laulā, ua hoʻohana maikaʻiʻia nā pūnaewele hōʻoia e like me nā kuleana nui i loko o kahi kōnaewaiwai likeʻole. Eia kekahi laʻana, e hoʻohana ana nā mea kālā i kahi waihona S & P 500 hōʻuluʻulu kālā a me ka hōʻailona heluʻai kālā no ka mea nui loa (ʻo ia hoʻi he 30 pakeneka a 40%) o ke kōpili waiwai, a me kekahi mau kālā'ē aʻe ma nāʻano likeʻole e loaʻa ana nā haʻawina liʻiliʻi, e like me ka 10 pakeneka i ka 20 pakeneka o kela me keia.
Ināʻoluʻoluʻoe i ka loaʻaʻana o nā pale kaulike maikaʻi i kāu mau waihona kālā pilikino, hiki iāʻoe ke kūpono i nā papa hana likeʻole iʻoi aʻe ka lihi kālā ma mua o nā kālā i heluʻia maʻaneʻi. Eia kekahi laʻana, aia kekahi Vauālā o Vanguard i kapaʻiaʻo Admiral Shares e hāʻawi ana i nā lihi hoʻolālā haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka'Āmima Adaralala Vanguard 500 (VFIAX) he pālākihi hoʻolālā wale nō o 0.05 wale nō, akāʻo ka VFINX he pānaʻi kālā no ka 0.16 pakeneka.
Ka Hoʻohaha:ʻO kaʻike ma kēia pūnaewele ua hoʻolakoʻia no ke kūkākūkāʻana wale nō, aʻaʻole pono e kuhiʻia e like me ka'ōlelo aʻo kālā. ʻAʻohe kumu e hōʻikeʻia kēiaʻikepili i manaʻo e kūʻai a kūʻai aku i nā palekana.