He aha nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia no ka?
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā noi kila i nāʻelima:
- Kūkulu
- Nā kaʻa
- Lilo
- Packaging
- Nā Hanahana a me nā Hana Hana
Kūkulu:
ʻO ka hapa nui o ke kila e hele i kaʻoihana hana. Hiki ke kūkulu kokeʻia nāʻanoʻenehana paʻa i ke kumu kūʻai. Hiki ke hoʻohuiʻia kaʻili, ma konaʻano likeʻole a me nā alloys, no ka hoʻokōʻana i nā koi o nā papahana kūikawā, eʻae ai e hoʻokomoʻia i loko o nāʻenehana ma nā wahi a pau. Ma muli o nā kūlana e hōʻikeʻia ai ka hale, e hoʻopiliʻia ke kila a hoʻokaʻawale paha i kahi kila no ka pale.
ʻO ke kūkuluʻana i nā hana hana kilaʻoi aku i ka hopena o ka 20st century, ua hoʻohuiʻia ka uluʻana o nā alanui kaʻaula a puni ka honua a me ka hikiʻana mai o ka hale kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā hanana kaulana kaulana, e like me ka Hale Aliʻiʻo Moku'āina, he kila kahi mea hana mua.
Hiki keʻikeʻia ka hui ma:
- nā hale kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe
- ka hoʻonaʻauao a me nā hale hoʻomaha
- nā haʻuki hoʻokūkū, nā kiʻekiʻena
- mea hoʻokūpaʻa i hoʻoikaikaʻia
- ke alahaka
- nā pahu kūikawā a me nā kaula hoʻokuʻu
- awa
- ka uhi a me ke kaupaku
- nā keʻena
- nā kūmole
- pale palekana
- nā kahakai kai eʻe
Kākaʻikaʻi:
Hanaʻia nāʻenehanaʻenehana i nā pūʻali i hanaʻia e loaʻa ai kekahi mau kūlana kūikawā o ka elasticity, ka ikaika , ka lewaleʻa, a me ka hōʻole pale.
Hoʻohanaʻia lākou i nāʻenehana a me nāʻenehanaʻoihana, akā, hele ka nui e lawe i nā kaʻa.
ʻO nā kumukūʻai kūʻai no kahiʻoi aku o 50% o ke kaumaha o ke kaʻa kaʻa. Hiki i nāʻenehana ikaika kiʻekiʻe (AHSS) hoʻohanaʻia i nā kaʻa. He mea māmā ia no ka mea e emi ai ka ikehu e hana a hoʻemi i ke kūʻana o ke CO2.
Hoʻohanaʻia nāʻanoʻano he nui no ke kino o ka hale, nā puka, kekino, pahu pahu, ka hoʻokele, ka hoʻomaha, nā'ilili wheel, a me loko.
Ma waho aʻe o ka mākele makamea, loaʻa ke kila i nā mea lawe waʻa e like me:
- nā kaʻa
- ka laweʻana
- nā kaʻa
- nā pūlili
- nā moku
- nā kaula hao kahi
- mokulele
- mea hoʻoili i nā jet
Ike:
ʻO nā māhele a pau o ka puʻupuʻu ikehu, e like me ka pāʻanika, ka makani makani, kaʻaila a me ke kinoea kūpono, koiʻia ke kila no ka hanana. Hoʻohanaʻia ka'ōpili no ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i nā kumuwaiwai, e like me nā mea i waho o ka'āina, nā meaʻili honua a me nā ukana, nā kuhumu, a me nā hoʻouka. Ma muli o nā wahi e makemake ana, carbon, micro-alloyed, ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me nāʻeha hao i hoʻohanaʻia i ka hanaʻana i nā papahana waho a me nā pipeline.
Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau mea, nui ka nui o nā papahana hoʻolālā e pili ana i ka nui o ke kila:
- ka puna hinu a me ke kinoea
- nā pipeline
- ka mana uila turbine
- ka elele eletani
- makani makani
- ka laweʻana i nā kia
- nā kohopili
- ka mea huli hou
- nā palekana electromagnetic
Hoʻohui:
Hoʻopaleʻia ka pahu hōʻailona waiwai mai ka wai, ka ea, a me ka mālamalamaʻana, a ua hana pono ia. ʻO kēiaʻano o ka mālamaʻana ua puniʻo ia no nā makahiki 200.
Hana kaʻili no ka hoʻonui piha i ka hoʻopiha a me ka māmā, hiki ke wehe i ka hōʻailona. Hoʻokomo pinepineʻia nā pūpū mai ke kāleka kila a paʻa i ke kalapona'eneʻeneʻa a ua paʻa ka pae. Hoʻopiliʻia ke kinini kahi pale e pale aku ai i ka palaʻino a hoʻoukaʻia me ka polymer, laka, a paiʻia. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea hōʻailona hao e hele i ka meaʻai a me ka mea inu, a ma hope o kahi laina nui, aerosols, a me nā kāpili (e like me nā pūmole pola).
Nā Hanahana a me nā Hana:
Ma kahi o 75% o ke kaumaha o nā mea hana hale e like me keʻano mai ke kila. Loaʻa ka'ōpana ma nā mea hana like me nā alahaka, nā mīkini holoi, nā umu, nā mīkini ula, nā koli, nāʻokiʻoki, a pēlā aku.
Hoʻohui pū kekahi no nāʻoihanaʻoihana likeʻole e like me nā mea mahiʻai a me nā mīhini, nāʻauwai laʻau, nā mea hana, nā hale, nā alanui, a me nā mea hana pale.
Nā kumuhana:
ʻO ka Hui Kamaliʻi.
http://www.steeluniversity.org (waihona puke)
KeʻAmiʻAmelika a me ka'Āpana. Pūʻulu Kūkākūkā: ka Online Resource for Steel.
http://www.steel.org