ʻO ka nui o nā mea'enela mama nui loa o ka honua
ʻO ka nui o nā mea nui loa o ka honua he nui iʻoi aku i nā 240,000 metric tone o ke kola i ka makahiki 2012, aiʻole 70% o ka hoʻopiliʻiaʻana o ka wai honua. ʻO ka papa inoa ma lalo nei ua hōʻuluʻuluʻia e ka hui kaiauluʻokoʻa o ITRI. Ma waho o kēlā me kēia hui inoa, ka'āina kahi o kāna mauʻoihana mua a me ka nui o kāna production (tons) i ka makahiki 2012.
01 Huanan Tin (China) - 69,760
ʻO Yunnan Tin Groupʻo ia ka mea nui loa o ka mea nāna i hana i ke tā,ʻo ia ka mea i hanaʻia ma kahi o ka 20 pakeneka o kaʻoihana o ka honua ma 2012. Ke keʻena o Kunming, Kina, a me ka waihona hana o 40,000 tonnes,ʻo Yunnan Tin ka huahana a me ke kūʻaiʻana i ke kān-lead solder, ke anode tin , a me nā kinikona. ʻO nā metala huahana i hoʻoheheʻeʻia e ka hui pūʻia me nā metale o ka huilapili , keleawe , alakaʻi , zinc , indium, a me bismuth .
Kamupene pūnaewele: http://en.ytc.cn
02 Malaysia Smelting Corporation (Malaysia) - 37,792
Ua hoʻolakoʻia e Malaysian Smelting Corporation (MSC) nā huahana tin a me nā mīkini mai 1887.ʻO kāna wahi hoʻokipa ma Butterworth,ʻo Malaki kekahi o nā mea nui loa ma ka honua, e hana ana i 35,000 tonnes o ke kōlaʻi mua a me ke kula kiʻekiʻe i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Me nā laikini i hoʻopaʻa inoaʻia ma ka London Metal Exchange a me ka Kuala Lumpur Market Māla,ʻo MSC ka heluʻana mai 99.85% xi i 99.99% kekene electrolytic. Loaʻa nā papa inoa o ka lehulehu ma Malaki a me Singapore.
Ka Hui Pūnaewele: www.msmelt.com/index.htm
03 PT Timah (Indonesia) - 29,600
ʻO PT Timah ka meaʻoihana nui loa o ka moku'āina i ka honua, me 65 mau pakeneka o nā'āpana i mālamaʻia e ke aupuni o Indonesia. Hoʻokumuʻia i ka makahiki 1976,ʻo ka hui ka meaʻoihana nui loa a me ka mea hana papahana ma ka'āina a nona 104 mau hana laikini ma waena o ka Tin Belt Indonesian. ʻO nā huahana nui nā pūnaewele niho (LME i hoʻopaʻa inoaʻia), nā alakaʻi pālua, nā'āpana tila, nā kānana a me nā mea kinati pahu.
Ka Hui Pūnaewele: www.timah.com
04 Minsur (Peru) - 25,399
ʻO Minsur ka mea nui loa o nā mea nui loa o Peru, no kaʻewaluʻewalu o ka nui o nā mea nui o ka honua i hanaʻia i ka makahiki 2012.ʻO nā hana nui o nā hui e pili ana i ka Sanwaina Mining Unit, kahi e waiho ai ma Puno ma kahi o 4500 mau mika ma mua aʻe o ke kai. iʻikeʻia e ka laweʻana i nā oresi me ka awelika o ka 4.75 pakeneka nui. ʻO ka mine a me kaʻoihana hoʻomau ke hiki i ka 2700 metric tonnes i kēlā me kēia lā a me 40,000 metric toneta i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻokumuʻia ka puhi a me ka hoʻouluʻana ma Pisco, kahi e loaʻa ai nā mea'eneʻona kiʻekiʻe ma kahiʻaoʻao o nā alala a pau e like me ke tin-lead, ke tin-antimony, a me ke tin-copper.
Kamupene pūnaewele: www.minsur.com.pe
05 Thai (Thailand) - 22,847
Ua hoʻokumuʻiaʻo Smelting a me Refining Co. Ltd. (Thaisarco) i ka makahiki 1963, aʻo Thailand ka meaʻoihana nui loa. Ma muli o Phuket, ua hoʻolako ka hui iʻelua mau LME-registered tin brands, Thaisarco a me Phuket, a me kekahi mau mea'ē aʻe o nā mea aloha, nā koa, nā paila a me nā mea i laweʻia. Mai ka makahiki 1995, ua hoʻomaluʻia a hoʻohanaʻia e ka Luna Nui o ka Amalgamated Metal Corporation PLC (UK). I ka makahiki 2012, ua heluʻiaʻo Thaisarco i kahiʻehiku pakeneka o ka hoʻokumuʻana o ka honua honua.
Kamupene Pūnaewele: www.thaisarco.com
06 Yunnan Chengfeng (China) - 16,600
Ma Gejiu, Kina,ʻo Yunnan ChengfengʻO Non-Ferrous Metals Co..ʻO China ka lua o ka meaʻoihana nui loa o nā hua. Aia ka waihona o ka hui i hiki i ka 20,000 metona metric, aʻo ka inoa 'Yunheng' LME-inoa. I hoʻokumuʻia i 1994, ua komo pūʻo Yunnan Chengfeng i ka hana a me ke kūʻaiʻana i indium, kālā , gula, alakaʻi, bismuth, copper a me antimony. I ka makahiki 2012, ua hoʻolako ka hui i 16,600 metric tonnes o ke tāla aʻehiku paha o ka nui o ka nui o ka honua.
Kamupene pūnaewele: http://en.yhtin.cn/index.html
07 Huawei Kuina (China) - 14,034
ʻO Guangxi China Tin Group Co. Ltd. ka mea nui loa o ka mea kālailai nui ma Guangxi, ka'āinaʻo Guangxi, kahi'āina he 20 pakeneka o ka nui o ka waiʻo China. Hoʻokumuʻia i ka makahiki 1946, a ma Liuzhou ka huahana o nā hui nui,ʻo ia nā huahana nui o ka hui, me nā kinikona tin, nā kinikona tin, nāʻala a me ka pauma. I ka makahiki 2012, ua hoʻokomoʻia ka hapanuiʻelima hapahā o ka hanaʻana o ka pae honuaʻo Guangxi.
Kamupene pūnaewele: www.china-tin.com
08 Metallo Chimique (Belgium) - 11,350
ʻO Metallo Chimique kahi kūikawā i ka hoʻouluʻana i nā metala a me nā metalaʻinoʻino ma o nā hana pyro-hydrometallurgical. Hoʻomaopopo ka hui i ka nui o nā metale haoʻole ma ko lākou hana hou a me kahi hoʻomahaʻana ma Beerse, Pelekania. I hoʻomakaʻia ma Antwerp Chemical Works i ka makahiki 1899, ua liloʻo Metallo i lālā o Metallum Holdings SA (Luxembourg). Hoʻopaʻa 'ia ma ka LME ma lalo o ka brand' MC ',' o Metallo Chimique kekahi i loko o ka puhi 'ana i ke keleawe, ke alakaʻi, zinc , a me ka nickel. ʻO Metallo e hoʻopukaʻia kahi 800 talani o ke kumine niho ma kēlā me kēia mahina.
Kamupene Pūnaewele: www.metallo.com
09 EM Vinto (Bolivia) - 10,800
ʻO Empresa Metalurgica Vinto (EMV) ka mea nui loa o Bolivia. ʻO kaʻoihana o ka moku'āina iʻikeʻia heʻekolu pakeneka o ka hanana honua honua i ka makahiki 2012. Ma o'Oruro, ua hoʻokuʻuʻia ka hui mai Glencore i ka makahiki 2007. I ka malamaʻoʻAukake 2012, ua hōʻikeʻo ITRI i ka hoʻokumuʻia o EM Vinto e ka hui kuʻalima pae'āina o Bolivia me kahi hoʻolālā.
10 Gejiu Zi Li (Kina) - 7,000
ʻO Gejiu Zili Metallurgy he mea hilinaʻiʻokoʻa i hoʻonohonohoʻia ma Gejiu City, Yunnan, Kina. I hoʻokumuʻia i ka makahiki 1993, kūʻai aku ka hui i 67% o ke kiko i kahi Yunnan Tin Group, ka meaʻoihana nui loa o ka honua, i ka 2007. I ka makahiki 2012, ua emi iho ka hāmole o Gejiu Zili i 18.6 pakeneka i 7,000 metona metric.