Hoʻokumuʻia ke Kānāwai Polymorphism
Ma kahi o ka monomorphism ma muli o ka hoʻokahi hoʻokahiʻano a me ka dimorphism, heʻelua wale nōʻano,ʻo ka'ōlelo polymorphism he manawa kūikawā loa i nā genetics a me ke kololo, e pili ana i nāʻano likeʻole o kahi moʻo e hiki ke ola.
ʻAʻole hiki ke kauʻana i nāʻano o keʻano me ka hoʻololi mau e like me ke kiʻekiʻe (ʻoiai paha he mea pono kēia).
Ma kahi o ka mea, e pili ana ka polymorphism i nāʻano likeʻole (he hoʻololi kūikawā), bimodal (loaʻa a iʻoleʻelua mau modes), a polymodal paha. Eia kekahi laʻana, hoʻokomoʻia nā pepeiaolobe, aʻaʻole paha,ʻo ia a ma kahi kūlana paha aʻaʻole like i ke kiʻekiʻe,ʻaʻole ia he helu hoʻonohonoho a iʻole kekahi.
Ua hoʻohana muaʻia ka Polymorphism e wehewehe ai i nāʻano o nāʻanoʻano, akā ua hoʻohanaʻia kēia manawa e komo i nāʻano cryptic e like me nāʻano koko, e pono ana i ka ho'āʻoʻana i ke koko e wehe. Eia kekahi, ke hoʻohanaʻia kekahi manawa i ka pololeiʻole e wehewehe i nāʻano lāhui a me nāʻano likeʻole, akā,ʻo ka polymorphism e pili ana i ka nui o nāʻano likeʻole o ka pahu hoʻokahi i kahi noho hoʻokahi i ka manawa like (e wehe i ka'āina, ka lāhui, aiʻole ka wā hala. )
ʻO ka polymorphism genetic e pili ana i ka hopena oʻelua aʻoi aku paha o keʻano hoʻohālikelike i loko o kekahi heluna (ma nāʻano i hikiʻole ke mālamaʻia keʻano o nāʻano ma muli o ka hoʻololi pinepineʻana). Hoʻolako ka Polymorphism i nāʻano likeʻole a mau i nā hanauna he nuiʻole no ka meaʻaʻohe puka hoʻokahi he pānaʻi nui aʻoiʻole paha i nā mea'ē aʻe i ke kohoʻana.
Ka Polymorphism a me ka Hoʻopauʻana
ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻolālāʻia e like me nā polymorphisms. ʻO ka polymorphism heʻano hoʻololi DNA i maʻalahi i ka heluna kanaka. ʻO ka hoʻololiʻana, ma kekahiʻaoʻao, he hoʻololi paha i kahi kaʻina DNA mai ka mea maʻamau (e hōʻike ana he alalia maʻamau e holo ana ma o ka heluna kanaka aʻo ka hoʻololi e hoʻololi i kēiaʻoihana maʻamau i kekahi mea likeʻole a me nā mea'ē aʻe.)
I loko o nā polymorphisms,ʻelua aʻoi aku paha nā mea like'ē aʻe e like me nā mea'ē aʻe e like me nā mea'ē aʻe a i hoʻohuiʻia e like me ka polymorphism,ʻo kaʻoi aku o ka mea noaʻole he 1% aʻoi aʻe paha i loko o ka heluna kanaka. Inā emi ka alapine ma lalo o kēia, uaʻikeʻia ka allele e like me ka hoʻololiʻana.
ʻO Polymorphism a me Enzymes
Hoʻomaopopo i nā papahana e like me nā hana i hanaʻia no ke kenekene kanaka, e hōʻike ana aia ma ka nucleotide ka nui o nāʻokoʻa ma ke kaʻina.
ʻO kēia mauʻokoʻaʻaʻole ia e hoʻololi i ka huahana maʻamau i ka nui o ka hoʻopukaʻana i kekahi kinalima'ē aʻe akā hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena o ke kikowaena a me ka hana maʻamau (no nā enzymes), ka paʻa pono (no nā mea transcription, proteins membrane, a me nā mea'ē aʻe) .
Eia kekahi laʻana, i loko o ka lāhui kanaka, he nui nā polymorphisms o CYP 1A1, kekahi o nā nui o ka nui o nā enzymes cytochrome P450 o ke ake.
ʻOiaiʻo nā enzymes keʻano like a me ka hoʻolālāʻana, hiki i nā polymorphisms o kēia enzyme ke hoʻololi i ka hanaʻana o nā kānaka i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
CYP 1A1 polymorphisms i loko o ke kanaka, kahi, ma exon 7 ka Valina amino acid Isoleucine i paniʻia e Valine, ua pili pūʻia me ka maʻi āpau e pili ana i ka lama. ʻO ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā polymorphisms genetic kekahi o nā ikaika o DeCODE Genetics , he hui i hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻoholoʻana i nā hopena o ka hopena o nā maʻi.
Nā kumuhana:
Ford,'EB 1975. Nā Hana Ola (4th ed.). London: Chapman & Hall
Ford,'EB (1940). "Polymorphism a me ke Auhau". I Julian Huxley (ed.). Nā New Systematics . Oxford: Clarendon Pr. pp. 493-513. ISBN 1-930723-72-5.
Sheppard, Philip M. 1975. Nā koho a me ke kūlohelohe (4th ed.) London: Hutchinson.