ʻElima o nāʻano likeʻole o nā enzymes a me kā lākouʻoihana i kaʻoihana lawaiʻa e hōʻikeʻia ma lalo nei.
Rennet
ʻO ka Milk kekahi mau palekana,ʻo ia ka mea nui, e mālama i konaʻano wai. ʻO ka proteases he mau enzymes i hoʻohuiʻia i ka waiū i ka manawa o ka hanaʻana i ka pua, e hoʻoheheʻe i ka casins, kahi kappa kappa kapakahi pono, e hoʻomaha ai i ka hana micelle e pale ai i ka hoʻohui. ʻO Rennet a me rennin he mau'ōlelo maʻamau no kekahi enzyme i hoʻohanaʻia e kākoʻo i ka waiū. ʻO ka hōʻano pūnaewele nō hoʻi ka manawa no ka pale o ka'ōpū hā o ka bipi.
ʻO ka enzyme maʻamau ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻia mai kahi pūnaewele he chymosin. Hiki ke loaʻa iā Chymosin mai kahi mau holoholona'ē aʻe, microbial a mea kanu paha, akā,ʻaʻohe ponoʻole ka hanaʻana i ka cheddar a me nā meaʻai'ē aʻe.
Ua hoʻonāukiukiʻia ka hōʻailona o nā keiki bipi no ka hoʻohui pūnaewele o ka microbial chymosin ma ke kinipuniʻana i nā gench prochymosin bipi i loko o ka bacteria.
Hiki i ka bioengineered chymosin ke komo i loko o ka hanaʻana i ka 70% o nā hua liʻi. ʻOiai ka hoʻohanaʻiaʻana o nā enzymes bioengineered e hoʻopakele i nā ola o nā bipi keiki, e hōʻike ana i nāʻano koʻikoʻi no ka poʻe kū'ē i nā meaʻai e hoʻomākaukauʻia me nā GEM.
Nā Papa Hana'ē aʻe
Milk i loko o nāʻano protein likeʻole, me ka hoʻohui pū.
Aia nō hoʻi i ka waiū kau nā meaola uila e like me ka lactalbumin a me ka lactoglobulin. ʻO ka hōʻailona o kēia mau lālā līlū, me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā proteases, ka hopena o ka hua o ka mea koko. ʻOiʻia ka lukuʻiaʻana o nā mea hoʻomalu uila no ka hanaʻana i ka tīhi.
I ka wā o ka hanaʻana i nā walaʻau mālū, ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ka uila mai ka waiū ma hope o ka paleʻana a hiki ke kūʻaiʻia he kumukūʻai kumuʻai no ka bodybuilding, ka pohō kaumaha, a me ke kaheʻana o ke koko, a me nā mea'ē aʻe. Uaʻikeʻia he mau hōʻike no ka wheyʻai no nā maʻi hōʻalo, a he hana i loko o ka hoʻokomoʻana i ka hanaʻana o ka insulin no ka poʻe me ka maʻi maʻisā Type 2. Hoʻohanaʻia nā proteases e hana ai i ka pālaʻi waipiʻi hydrolyzed,ʻo ia hoʻi ka protein uila i wāwahiʻia i loko o nā lālā polypeptide pōkole loa. ʻO ka uila i hoʻoheheʻeʻia he mea hikiʻole ke hoʻonāukiuki i nā hopena maʻi a hoʻohanaʻia e hoʻomākaukau i nā mea hoʻopihapiha no nā'ōnaehana pēpē a me nā hoʻohana lāʻau.
Lactase
ʻO ka lactase he glycoside hydrolase enzyme eʻoki ana i ka laose i loko o kona sugars sugars, galactose, a me ka glucose. Me ka lawaʻole o ka hanaʻana i ka enzyme lactase i loko o ka'ōpū liʻiliʻi, e lilo ke kanaka i ka lolo o ka laose, ka mea e loaʻa ai ka hauʻoli (ka līlī, ka kino, a me ka maʻi pahū) ma ka'ōpala māmā ma luna o kaʻaiʻana i nā hua waiū. Hanaʻia ka lactase i kaʻoihana kūʻai no ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i nā hua lactose-ʻole,ʻo ka waiū, no kēlā poʻe.
Hoʻohanaʻia nō hoʻi ia i ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i ka hauʻulu, e hana i ka meaʻoi aʻoi aku kaʻono i ka hua. Hoʻomakaukau mauʻia ka Lactase mai Kluyveromyces sp. o ka mea hu a me Aspergillus sp. o nā mea leʻaleʻa.
Cataloglase
Ua loaʻa i ka catazyse enzyme ka palena liʻiliʻi ma kahi o kahi o ka tīma. ʻO ka hydrogen peroxide he meaʻona palekana a meaʻino hoʻi i nā pūnaewele. Hoʻohanaʻia ma kahi o ka pasteurization , i ka manawa e hana ai i kekahi mau leʻaleʻa e like me Swiss, no ka mālamaʻana i nā enzymes maʻemaʻe maoli e pono ai ka hopena hopena a me ka ho'āla o ka hīnaʻi.
E hoʻopauʻia kēia mau enzymes e ka wela wela o ka noʻonoʻo. Eia nō naʻe,ʻo nā koena o ka hydrogen peroxide i loko o ka waiū e pāpā i nāʻano kūpona bacteri e pono ai no ka hana maoli i ka tīhi, no laila, pono e weheʻia nā māhele a pau. Loaʻa ka loaʻaʻana o nā enzymes catalase mai nā lila o nā puaʻaina aiʻole nā huahana microbial a ua hoʻohuiʻia e hoʻohuli i ka hydrogen peroxide i ka wai a me ka oxygen molepika.
Nā Lipases
Hoʻohanaʻia nā lipases e wāwahi ai i nā momona o ka waiū a hāʻawi i nā meaʻono e hoʻomalu. ʻO nā meaʻai paʻakikī ikaika loa, no ka laʻana, ua hoʻomākaukauʻia ka paʻakai Italia, Romano, ma ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā lipases. Hoʻokumuʻia ke kīʻaha mai nā waiʻona momona momona i hanaʻia i ka waiʻana o ka momona o ka waiū. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā keiki lipases mai ke keiki kao, keiki bipi, a me ke keiki hipa,ʻoiai ka microbial lipase e laweʻia mai e ka palainaʻana me nāʻano puaʻa Mucor meihei .
ʻOiai e loaʻa nā lipona microbial no ka hanaʻana i ka tīhi,ʻaʻole lākou i emi iki i nā mea momona e hoʻowalulu ai lākou,ʻoiai nā mea enzymes o ka holoholona iʻoi aku ke nānā aku i nā momona a me ka lōʻihi. Hiki ke mālamaʻia ka wai o ka momona o ka momona ma muli o ka hopena o nā meaʻai he nui. Hiki i ka waihana o ka'eneka momona mau loa ke hoʻopuka i ka pahupapaʻu aʻaʻohe hopena.