ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻomanaʻoʻia he mau loina he nui i nā mea hoʻolimalima lōʻihi, he mea naʻauao ke hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻolālā no nā mea liʻiliʻi a me nā wā kūhaka, me ka hoʻohui i ka wā lōʻihi.
Eia kekahi laʻana, no ka mea paha i loko paha o kāu sixties, hiki iāʻoe ke ola hou he 20 a 30 paha mau makahiki. No laila, pono nōʻoe e hoʻopau i ka ulu. Eia naʻe, i ka manawa i haʻalele aiʻoe, hiki i kāu mea waiwai waiwai ke hoʻololi aʻe i ka waiwai a me ka mālamaʻana, me ka uluʻana i ka waiwai koʻikoʻi ma ka liʻiliʻi.
ʻO Vanguard Fund nui loa no ka haʻaleleʻana: Dividend Funds
ʻO Vanguard Investments kahi kamupene pūnaewele hui e hāʻawi ana i kekahi o nā kumukūʻai kūpono loa,ʻaʻole kālā e like me ke kālā i loaʻa i nā mea kālā i kēia lā a loaʻa iā lākou kekahi o nā kālā kūpono maikaʻi loa e hiki ai ke kūpono no ka uku hoʻomaha.
ʻO ke kālā o nā kuʻikuʻu kālā, kahi i maʻa pinepineʻia me nā kumukūʻai waiwai waiwai , keʻano o ka hoʻonāukiuki (ʻaʻohe mea pōʻino) ma mua o nā kumu kālā'ē aʻe, e like me ke kālā ulu waiwai . He mea kūpono kēia no nā mea kūʻai kālā i hoʻomahaʻia,ʻaʻole lākou i makemake e kūʻai i nā'āpana kālā hōʻemi, e like me ke kumukūʻai o ka uluʻana i nā kālā kālā.
Hiki ke loaʻa nā makana ma keʻano he kumu waiwai, aiʻole e hoʻohanaʻia lākou e kūʻai i nā kuleana hou o ka pūʻulu kālā. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea kūʻai kālā i kūʻai i ka hapanui o ke kālā e loaʻa ana i kahi kālā loaʻa,ʻo ia hoʻi keʻimi nei lākou i nā uku kūpono a me ka hilinaʻi mai kā lākou kālā kālā.
Eia kekahi mau māhele maikaʻi loaʻo Vanguard no nā māhele:
- ʻO Vanguard Dividend Growth (VDIGX) kahi koho kūikawā no nā mea kālā e nānā nei i nā māhele kūpono i kēia manawa akā makemakeʻoe eʻike i ka uku o nā uku'āina (nā hua) e ulu aʻe ma luna o ka manawa. ʻO ka puʻuwai ke kau nui nei i kāna mau paʻa i nā kumukūʻai koʻikoʻi nui a US me kahi 10% o ke kōpili i hoʻoiliʻia i nā waiwai'ē. ʻO ka lālā hoʻolālā no VDIGX he lalo 0.32 ka emi, aʻo ka kūʻai mua loa he $ 3,000.
- ʻO ka Vanguard High Dividend Index (VHDYX) he mea kūpono no nā mea waiwai e nānā nei i nā kālā i kēia manawa me nā hua kiʻekiʻe no nā kumukūʻai. ʻO ke kōpili waiwai nui nā kumukūʻai koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o nā hui maʻAmelika Huipūʻia nāna e uku i nā uku kiʻekiʻe e like me nā hui like. ʻO ka lālā hoʻolālā no VHDYX he lalo o ka pōhaku-0.18 pakeneka aʻo ka palena mua loa he $ 3,000.
- Mālama ka Vanguard Utilities Index Adm (VUIAX) i nā mea kūʻai i loko o kaʻaha lawelawe , kahi iʻimi nuiʻia no kona mau māhele kiʻekiʻe. Aia nā paʻapili paʻapili i nā kālepa nui o ka US ma nāʻoihana lawelawe, e like me Duke Energy Corporation (DUK) a me Southern Co (SO). ʻO ka lālā hoʻolālā no VUIAX, he 0.18 pakeneka maikaʻi loa. Eia naʻe,ʻo kēia kālā kālā wale nō ke hāʻawiʻia ma Vanguard o ka lālā "Admiral", a he $ 10,000 kāna kūʻai.
Pono e hoʻomanaʻo i nāʻauhau kālā, akā, hiki i ka hapakui kālā ke uku i nā uku kūpono no ka loaʻa kālā o ka wā, ke loaʻa mau ka hopena i kēia mau waiwai palekana.
ʻO nā Vanguard Pūnaewele maikaʻi loa no ka haʻaleleʻana: Nā Kōmike Kū'ē Kū'ē
ʻO keʻano maoli o ka mālamaʻana i ka mālamaʻana i ke kūpono me ka hoʻolimalimaʻana i kaʻikeʻana: Ma ka nui o nā hihia,ʻo kaʻahahui holoʻokoʻa e pili ana i ka emi iki o kaʻilima a me ka mālamaʻana i ka liʻiliʻi i ka palena haʻahaʻa e hiki ai ke kūpono i ka hoʻonuiʻana, i ka lōʻihi.
Hiki paha i nā mea hoʻolimalima hoʻomaha loa ke makemake e hoʻohana i ka waihona kālā hoʻoili kīʻaha, i ka mea i hoʻopaʻa mau i kahi pilikino liʻiliʻi o nā lāʻau, nā kāmepa, a me ke kālā i loko o kahi kālā hoʻokahi wale nō. Ma kēiaʻano,ʻaʻole eʻike nā mea kūʻai waiwai i ka nui o ka emiʻana ma nā makai kai, a hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i ka hoʻoili likeʻoleʻana i kahi kālā hoʻokahi .
Eia kekahi mau māhele maikaʻi loa mai Vanguard:
- ʻO Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth (VSCGX) :ʻO ka hoʻoili'āina no kēia kālā he 40% o nā kumukūʻai a he 60% o nā pōʻa. ʻO kēia ka mea e hiki ai i ka ulu mālie a hoʻomau i ka uluʻana ma luna o ka wā lōʻihi, e hana ai i kahi kālā mālama maikaʻi. Ua hiki i ka VSCGX ke emi ma luna o 4% o ka makahiki no ka hoʻihoʻiʻana ma luna o ka wā lōʻihi. ʻO ka lālā hoʻolālā he mea kūʻai ma ka 0.15 pakeneka, aʻo ka hoʻolālā mua loa he $ 3,000.
- ʻO Vanguard Wellesley Income (VWINX) :ʻO ke kōpili waiwai a paʻa me ka papahele i waena o 35 a 40% o nā kumukūʻai, e pili ana i nā paona he 60%, aʻo ke koena i kahi o 5% kālā. No ka hana,ʻo Wellesley he mau liʻiliʻi 90% o nā kumu kālā hoʻolālā mālamaʻole no ka hoʻihoʻi 3-, 5 a me 10 mau makahiki. No kekahi o nā kūlana maikaʻi loa ma ke kālā hoʻokahi, hiki iāʻoe ke kūʻai, he paʻakikī ka paʻiʻana i ka lakene kālā hoʻolimalima maikaʻi he 0.25 pakeneka. ʻO ka hoʻokumu mua loa he $ 3,000.
- Vanguard Wellington (VWELX) :ʻO ka hoʻoliloʻana i ka waiwai no VWELXʻaʻole i like me ka VSCGX a me ka VWINX akā naʻe,ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana o ka'āpana o 65 mau pakeli kālā a me 35 mau pauna pili i hiki i nā mea waiwai kūpono ke makemake e lawe i kahi kūpono i ke kūʻaiʻana no ka kiʻekiʻe. ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻOiaiʻo Wellington ka mea i loaʻa i ka hapalua o ka hapalua kālā, ua lanakila nui loa ia i ka 100% o ka waiwai o ka māhele kūʻai ma waena o nā makahiki 2000 a me 2015, i ka loaʻaʻana o ka 7.5 pakeneka o ka waihona kālā, ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia me ka 4.5 pakeneka no ka S & P 500 Index . E like me nā kālā kālā'ē aʻe o Vanguard, e loaʻa iāʻoe kahi'āpana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (0.26 pakeneka) no ka Wakinekona. ʻO ka hoʻokumu mua loa he $ 3,000.
ʻO Vanguard Funds maikaʻi loa no ka haʻaleleʻana: Bond Index Funds
ʻO nā kuhi haʻawina haʻahaʻa he mea koʻikoʻi loa no ka loaʻaʻana o ka hana hana i ka honua o nā kālā pilikino, aʻo Vanguard ka koho maikaʻi loa o nā kālā paʻa haʻahaʻa i loko o ka pūnaewele o ka waihona kālā.
Eia kekahi laʻana, ma kahi o nā mākaʻikaʻi, hiki i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i nā kālā pilikino maikaʻi loa mai nā meaʻoi loa aku, aʻo ka hapa nui o nā waihonaʻaina o Vanguard e waiho nei ma waena o ka 0.50 a 1.00 pakeneka i lalo o ka uku kālā.
ʻO ka'eneke kālā o Vanguard eʻoi aku ka emi o ka kālā ma mua o ka loaʻaʻana o ka waihona kālā ma muli o ka emiʻana o nā lilo hana no nā kumukūʻai o ka helu (ʻo ia hoʻi nā kumukūʻai no ka noiʻi, kālepa, kūʻai a kūʻai liloʻana i lalo. Pono ka luna waihona pūnaewele pono e hahai i ka helu kuhikuhi haʻahaʻa, eia naʻe ke ho'āʻo nei ka luna hana i ka pāʻani, e nui ai ka manawa a me ke kālā. No ka waihona kālā,ʻo ka mea hōʻailona muaʻo ka Barclays Aggregate Bond Index , kahi hōʻailona pilina nui e uhi ana i nā kālepaʻoihana a US aʻo kekahi mauʻae haole i kālepaʻia ma ka US.
ʻO ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hōʻuluʻulu helu hiki ke lilo i mea maikaʻi no ka mea, hoʻoneʻe ka papa hana i ka hopena o ka hana kālā o ka meaʻai kālā, e like me ke kuhihewaʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai e like me ke kaʻina o nā uku kumukūʻai. Eia kekahi mau mahele hōʻailona maikaʻiʻoi aku ma Vanguard e hiki ke maʻalahi no nā mea kālā i hoʻomahaʻia:
- ʻO Vanguard Total Bond Market Index (VBMFX) : Me kahi'āpana hoʻolālā o kahi 0.20 pakeneka wale nō, loaʻa i nā mea kālā ke kāpili nui i nā kumukūʻai e like me ka nui o nā kālā pilikino a me nā lilo haʻahaʻa e unuhi i loko o ka hoʻihoʻi maikaʻi, ma kahi o ka lōʻihi. Mālamaʻo VBMFX i ka HōʻuluʻuluʻAhahuiʻo Barclays. No nā makahiki o 10 mau makahiki aʻoi aku paha, hiki i nā mea kālā ke hoʻolālā e hālāwai a paʻi paha i nā kumukūʻai o ka waihona kālā maʻamau.
- ʻO Vanguard Intermediate-Term Investment Grade (VFICX) :ʻOiaiʻo VFICXʻaʻole he kālā helu hōkū,ʻo ka ōna hoʻolālā he haʻahaʻa he 0.20 ka emi. A eia kekahi,ʻaʻole i mālama mau ka'ōnaehana hoʻolālā i mua o ka hōʻailona kuhikuhi, uaʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kaʻikeʻana i nā manawa lōʻihi ma mua o ka waihona helu helu like VBMFX.
- Vanguard Short-Term Investment Grade (VFSTX) :ʻO nā lā liʻiliʻi pōkole ka loaʻaʻana o nā hua haʻahaʻa a me nā loiloi lalo, i ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i nā palena waena a me nā lā lōʻihi. ke piʻi nei nā uku uku. I kēia manawa, ināʻaʻoleʻoe iʻike mua, hiki paha iāʻoe ke noʻonoʻo i keʻano o ka "investment grade". Mālamaʻia nā bila e ko lākou kūlana pono. Ma muli o kaʻaelike koho, aia nā hōʻike mai AAA (kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa) i D (ināʻole). ʻO ka haʻawina kālā he kahua waena,ʻo ia keʻano o ka AAA a hiki i ka BBB. ʻO kahi hōʻailona o ka hoʻopaʻa inoa AAA i hoʻopaʻaʻiaʻo ia kaʻaha Waihona WaihonaʻAmelika. I ka unuhiʻana, hoʻokaʻawale kālā kāpili i nā kālā i kaupalenaʻia ma ka awelika o nāʻaina kikolele. ʻO ka uku no nā mea hoʻolale kālā,ʻo ia ka huaʻana a me nā manawa lōʻihi e hiki ke piʻi aʻe, ma kahi lōʻihi loa, ma kahi i hoʻohālikelikeʻia me kekahi kālā hoʻopaʻa pōkole pōkole e like me VFSTX.
ʻO nā ukuʻekolu o nā kumukūʻai o Vanguard i luna iho nei he kumu kūʻai mua loa ia o $ 3,000. ʻO kekahi mau koho koho kālā likeʻole no nā mea kālā e hoʻomaha ana ma ka hoʻomahaʻana,ʻo lākou ke kumukūʻai papa helu inoa e like me Vanguard Total Stock Market Index (VTSMX) , aʻo kekahi o nā kiko waiwai S & P 500 Index , Vanguard 500 Index (VFINX) . ʻO kēia nā kumukūʻai kūʻai haʻawina i nā kālā likeʻole e hoʻolaha i kaʻike nui i nā haneli he haneri o nā US, i loko o kahi kālā hoʻokahi.
ʻAʻole ka Balance e hāʻawi i kaʻauhau, ke kālā, a me nā lawelawe kālā a me nā'ōlelo aʻo. Ke hōʻikeʻia nei kaʻike me ka noʻonoʻoʻole i nā pahuhopu hoʻomalu, ka palekana palekana a kūlike paha i ke kūlana waiwai o kekahi mea kālā kālā aʻaʻole paha e kūpono i nā mea hoʻokele kālā. ʻAʻole i hōʻike muaʻia nā hana i hala aku nei. ʻO ka mālama kālā kahi hihia e pili ana i ka pohō o ke poʻo.