No ke aha eʻoi aku ai ka maikaʻi o ka wai o ka wai ma mua o ka hoʻokūkū
He aha ka nui o ka poino o ka muliwai Mississippi e hana ai, a pehea ka hopena o ka hoʻokele waiwai? He aha nā mea e hanaʻia no ka paleʻana i nā kaheʻana iʻoi aku ka hanaʻino?
2011 Hali
ʻO ka poino mai ka wai o 2011 i hanaʻia ai nā kaiāulu ma ka muliwai eʻoi aku ka pilikia i nā wai e hiki mai ana, e like me ka US Army Core of Engineers. Ua loaʻa iā Core he $ 802 miliona mai ka'aha'ōlelo i ka lāʻo Kekemapa e hoʻomaopopo a hoʻopaʻa hou i nā wahi nāwaliwali. (Source: "Flood Damage i ka makahiki 2011 Mei Makehewa 2012 ma ka Mississippi River," Journal Journal, Ianuali 12, 2012.)
ʻO Gene Rench o ka National Service Service i kapaʻia ka muliwai Mississippi 2011 i ka hanana 500 makahiki. Wahi a ka mea haʻihaʻi o ka pūʻali Koa a Bob Anderson, "ʻAʻole i hiki i ke kai eʻe ka nui o kēia nui ma luna o Mississippi." ʻO Heavy snowmelts,ʻekolu ua nui o ka ua, a me nā makani hekiliʻoʻApelila i hoʻopiʻiʻia ai ka waipuke mai ka muliwaiʻo Ohio.
ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻiaʻana o nā hoʻopilikia hopena waiwai e hiki ke hōʻea i nā piliona. No ke aha mai? Ua hala ka muliwai Mississippi i nā māla'āina a me nā kūlanakauhale ma nā moku'āinaʻeono. Ua hopohopo ke kanaka noho i ka hopena nui loa o ka wai i ka mahina o Mei. ʻO ka manawa kēia e hiki aku ai i New Orleans, e ola hou ana mai Hurricane Katrina . Ua wehe nā luna o ke kūlanakauhale i ka Morganza Spillway, e hoʻopakele ana i ke kūlanakauhaleʻo New Orleans, akā he mau'āina mahi pālahalaha a me nā hale e waiho ana ma ke ala.
Ua hoʻolālā ka Hui Koa o nā'Enekene e ukuʻia he $ 2 biliona no ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i ka pōʻino i hanaʻia e ka waiʻo 2011. Eia ke kuhi o ka hopena e ka moku'āina:
- Ua hoʻolōʻihiʻia ka holoʻana o kaʻauwai ma ka laweʻana i nā piliona he mau miliona. Ua paniʻia nā casinos Riverboat no nā wiki 6-8 ($ 14 miliona).
- ʻO ka hoʻolālāʻana i ka hōʻinoʻiaʻana o ka'āina i ka nui o ka $ 2 biliona (ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi,ʻo kaʻoihana hoʻolimalima ka mea kanu.)
- Missouri - 130,000 eka, 100 mau hale, a 300 mau kānaka i hoʻopihaʻia, hoʻolimalimaʻia he $ 300 miliona.
- Kentucky - Ma mua o $ 5 miliona i ka pōʻino.
- Manaʻoʻo Memphis TN - Levees i ka waena o ke kauhale,ʻoiai he 1,300 nā hale i nā wahi i waho.
- Arkansas - Ua hoʻopiʻi ka lolo i nā hakakā aʻoi aku i kaʻoihanaʻeleʻele $ 200 billion.
- Mississippi -ʻO nā kohoʻana i hōʻinoʻia he kiʻekiʻe i $ 800 miliona.
- ʻO Louisiana - 25,000 mau kānaka i kahe i ka wā i weheʻia nā puka e pale ai iā New Orleans. No ke aha mai? Inā ua kahakai ka muliwaiʻo Mississippi i ke kūlanakauhale, uaʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o Hurricane Katrina. Ua hoʻoweliweli houʻia e ka wai e hoʻouka ai i nā kumukūʻaiʻo Louisiana heʻumikūmālua, he 14% o kaʻoihana hana US. (Sources: Missourian, Army Corps of Engineers Pegs 2011ʻAu Waiwai i $ 2 Billion, 15 Kepakemapa 2011; USA I kēia lā, CNN Money)
ʻOiai he 500 ka makahiki o ka wai,ʻaʻole ka hopena o ka waiʻo 2011 i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka honua a me ke kai eʻe o Japan a me ke kai eʻe ($ 300 pilikino ma nā mea pohō) aʻo Hurricane Katrina ($ 125-200 biliona).
1993 Ke Kai
ʻO ka Mississippi 1993ʻo ia ka hōʻailona nui loa o ka US i ka 20st century. Ua hanaʻia he $ 20 biliona ma ka hopena waiwai. Ua hōʻike ka NOAA i ka nui o nā moku iʻoi aku ma mua o 20 miliona mauʻeka. Ma kahi o 54,000 mau kānaka i hoʻokuʻuʻia, a he 50,000 mau hale i wāwahiʻia aiʻole i hōʻinoʻia. Ua pani ka muliwai i 75 mau kūlanakauhale,ʻaʻole i kūkulu houʻia kekahi o lākou.
Eia naʻe,ʻo ka wai o ka makahiki 1993 he mea liʻiliʻi wale nō ma ka GDP , ka nele i ka hana a me ka uluʻana o kaʻoihana. ʻIkeʻia e Yu Xiao o ke Kulanuiʻo Illinoisʻo "ʻelua makahiki ma hope o ka hopena,ʻaʻole iʻikeʻia nā hopena o nā hōʻailona waiwai ma nā pae'āina, ka moku'āina a me nā kalana."
Great Mississippi o 1927
ʻO ka muliwai o ka makahiki 1927 ka meaʻino i ka moʻolelo o US. Uaʻoi aku ma mua o 600,000 poʻe i hoʻoneleʻia, a he 500 nā poʻe i make, mai nā kahe e uhi ana i 1 miliona mauʻeka me 30 kapuaʻi o ka wai. Ua hoʻololiʻo ia i ka lawelaweʻana o ke aupuni US i ka Mississippi, me ka hopena o kahi pūnaewele leka e pale ai i nā hopena maikaʻi. ʻO kahi kokoke i 300,000ʻAmelikaʻAmelika ua hoʻokauʻia i ka nohoʻana ma nā pūʻulu hoʻokele no nā mahina. ʻO kēia ka hopena o ka neʻe nuiʻana o nāʻAmelikaʻAmelika i nā kūlanakauhale'ākau.
Ka HoʻopilikiaʻOihana o nā muliwai o Mississippi
ʻO ka hopohopo i nā meaʻaila e hoʻolālā ai i kaʻaila e uku i nā kumukūʻai kālā i $ 3.98 ke galani. Ua emi ka makaʻu i ka weheʻana o nā ala nui, a ua emi iho ka waiwai koli i $ 3.96 i ke galani.
ʻO ka nui o ka uku o nāʻauhauʻauhauʻauhau. ʻO nā meaʻokoʻa pono'ī. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokae i ka hoʻopauʻana me kaʻole o nāʻae aupuni.
Ma ka makahiki 2011, ua kūʻaiʻia nā Polokalamu Inikua Waiwai e $ 18 biliona no ka'ai'ē, e like me Philly.com. ʻO ia ke kumu o Hurricanes Katrina, Gustav , a me Ike . Ua hoʻonuiʻia ka hōʻai'ē a me ka hōʻai'ē o kaʻaha'āina .
Kūleʻa nā huaʻai, e pili ana i ka wikiwiki o ka emiʻana o ka wai kahe. Ua kanuʻia nā kumulāʻau, ka palaoa, raiki, a me ka pua i ka muliwaiʻo Mississippi i ka punawai i ka wā e kahe ana ka wai. Eia kekahi,ʻo ka wai kahe e kāpae honua i nā meaʻai e pono ai. ʻO ka mea hoʻonui i ka uku i nā meaʻai akā hāʻawi i ka pōmaikaʻi i nā kamupaliʻia.
Ma kaʻaoʻao hema -ʻo ia hoʻiʻo nā kapuahi ahi e ola i ke kahe o ka wai, mahalo i ko lākou hiki ke hana i nāʻauwai waiʻole. ʻOiaiʻaʻole pili kēia i ka waiwai waiwai,ʻike wau i kēia wikiō nani e hōʻike ana pehea.