ʻAuhea kahi o ka'Āina Loa Loa o ka Honua
ʻO nā kālā likeʻole e mālamaʻia ana e nā'ahamele waena o nā aupuni,ʻaʻole lākou he kālā waiwai waiwai nui no ka mea he pahuhopu likeʻole ko lākou.
Ke mālamaʻia nei kahi kālā e mālama ai i ka waiwai o kāna kālā, e hoʻonā i ka hoʻokele waiwai, aiʻole e pale i ka hoʻonui. ʻO kahi kālā waiwai waiwai nui e makemake ana e loaʻa i ka hoʻi nui.
Eia kekahi mau kālā'ē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻopiliʻia me nā kālā waiwai waiwai aupuni:
- ʻO nā kālā i mālamaʻia e nāʻoihana moku'āina.
- ʻO ka uku kālā penihana a ke aupuni.
- ʻO ke kālā waiwai waiwai.
Pehea lākou e pā ai i ka US Economy
ʻO ka nui o ke kālā i mālamaʻia e nā waiwai waiwai waiwai nui uaʻoi aku iʻoi aku i ka pāluaʻana mai ka mahinaʻo Kepakemapa 2007, mai $ 3.265 trillion i ka $ 7.6 miliona i 2017. ʻO kā lākou mau waiwai waiwai i kēia manawa ua pāpāluaʻiaʻo nā puʻu kālā pale kālā i huiʻia.
He nui kēia mau kālā e pili ana i nā kālepa. No ka laʻana, ua lawe lākou i nā lālā nui ma Citigroup, Morgan Stanley, a me Merrill Lynch i ka wā o ka pilikia kālā. Ua hana lākou i kahi hōʻailona waiwai ma Lādana a me New York waiwai. Hoʻonui pinepine kēia mau kālā i ka hoʻonuiʻana o nā mea waiwai.
Ua piʻi ka nui o nāʻaila i ka ulu o nā kālā nui ma waena o 2007 a 2014.
I kēlā manawa, kokoke 60% o ko lākou waiwai mai kaʻaila a me ke kinoea i loaʻa. ʻO ka pilikia o ka makahiki 2008 ua lohi i ko lākou ulu. Ua kūʻaiʻia kēia i $ 4 miliona ma kahi o Kekemapa 2009 a $ 5 miliona ma Malaki 2012.
ʻO ka waiwai waiwai waiwai waiwai kiʻekiʻe
ʻO ka uku kālā nui o ka moku'āinaʻo Norvège, e like me kaʻike o ka Waihona Kālā Waiwai.
Aʻo Dekemaba 2017, ua paʻa $ 1.03 trillion. ʻO nā mea i loaʻa mai mai ka hanaʻana i kaʻaila o ka North Sea oil drilling. ʻO ka huina o nā kumukūʻai a me ke kālā Norwegian,ʻo ka krone, uku i ka kālā $ 17 mau pilina ma Malaki 2015.
Nā Pūʻulu Kūkulu Aʻe . Kūlana nui kēia mau kālā i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i kaʻaila. Hana lākou i kahi o kahi o ka hapakolu o ka waiwai a pau i loko o ka waihona waiwai aupuni . E loaʻa ana i $ 9 miliona ka palena'āina o Eastern Middle East e hoʻolako i ka 2020, e like me ka manaʻo o McKinsey,
| Nā Top 10 Middle Eastern Funds (i nā piliona) | Ke Aliʻi | 2017 |
|---|---|---|
| Abu Dhabi Investment Authority | UAE | $ 828.0 |
| Kuwait Investment Authority | Kuete | $ 524.0 |
| SAMA | Saudi ʻAlapia | $ 494.0 |
| Qatar Investment Authority | Katala | $ 320.0 |
| Kokua Corp. O Dubai | UAE | $ 209.5 |
| Kākoʻo Kāpena Kū'ē. | Saudi ʻAlapia | $ 223.9 |
| Mubadala Development Co. | UAE | $ 125.0 |
| Abu Dhabi Investment Council | UAE | $ 123.0 |
| Ka Papa Hoʻonaʻauao National | ʻIlana | $ 91.0 |
| Manaʻo Pūnaewele | Libia | $ 66.0 |
Kālā kālāʻo China. ʻO nā'āina i hoʻouka nui aku i ka waiwai nui e hōʻiliʻili i nā paʻahao nui o nā kālā'ē aʻe e pono e hoʻoholoʻia. ʻO ke kumu maikaʻi loa o kēiaʻo Kina, a heʻelima waiwai kālā. I hui pūʻia, ua loaʻa kēia kālā i $ 2 trillion o ka $ 3 trillion i hōʻiliʻiliʻia ka'āina. Mālama ke kikowaena o Kina i ke koena e hoʻoponopono i kāna kālā.
Hoʻopuka pū nā hui aupuni a me nāʻaukā moku i kēia mau mea. He mau pahuhopu likeʻole kēlā me kēia waihona.
- China Investment Corp: $ 900 biliona. Hoʻopiliʻo ia i nā waiwai o ka'āina, nā pilina, a me nāʻoihana o ka moku'āina.
- SAFE Investment Corp: $ 441 piliona. Hoʻohuiʻia iʻekolu mau pūnaewele waiwai i hoʻonohoʻia ma waho. Ua komo pū lākou me ka Hui Kūloko o ka Repubalika Lāhui o Kina ma Singapore, Gingko Tree ma UK, a me Beryl Datura ma nā Mokupuni Mīlani Pelekane. Hoʻopili ia i nā hanana.
- Ka Waihona Manaʻo o Hong Kong: $ 456.6 piliona. Hoʻokomoʻo ia i ka makai kūʻai'āinaʻo Hang Seng a kākoʻo i ka palekana kālā o Hong Kong.
- ʻO ke kālā mālama kālā mālama kālā a Kina: $ 295 biona. Mālama ia i nā kālā i loaʻa mai i nāʻoihana o ka moku'āina a me nā loaʻa kālā'ē aʻe a ke aupuni. Noho nui ia ma Kina. Hoʻolālā ia e hoʻolako i 20 pakeneka o kāna mau paʻa ma nā makuka kūmua a me'Europa.
- Paʻi kālā kālāʻo China-Africa: $ 5 biliona. Hoʻopiliʻiaʻo ia i loko o nā kumukūʻai a me nā loina i'Afelika
Nā kālāʻo Singapore. Heʻelua kālā kālā ke kūlanakauhale o ka moku'āina o Singapore, kahi $ 556 pelika i piha. Loaʻa nā kālā mai nā kumukūʻai nui a me nā uku hoʻolimalima o nā kānaka a me nāʻoihana ma kēia pūnaewele kālā.
ʻO ka mea nui loaʻo ia ka Hui Aupuni Hui Pūʻaliʻo Singapore, i kēia manawaʻo GIC Private Limited. He $ 359 piliona kona paʻa. Ua paʻa a loaʻa kālāʻia e ke aupuni. Ua māheleʻia i loko oʻekolu mauʻoihana liʻiliʻi:
- GIC Manaʻo Hoʻoilina: Hoʻopiliʻo ia i nāʻoihana, nāʻaelike, ka hoʻololi haole, a me nāʻoihana'ē aʻe.
- GIC Real Estate: Loaʻa kēia i nā waiwai he 200 ma nā 30'āina, a me REIT .
- GIC Special Investments Private Limited:ʻO kēia kekahi o nāʻoihana pono nui o ka honua . Hoʻopiliʻia ia i loko o nā waihona hoʻolālā nui, ke kālā waiwai kālā, a me nā pono hana.
ʻO ka waiwai waiwai'ē aʻe o Singaporeʻo Temasek. Hoʻoliloʻo ia i $ 197 biliona ma o nā lālā he 35. Ke nānā aku nei ia i nā hoʻolālāʻana ma'Asia a me nā hoʻokele waiwai. Ke kūʻai neiʻo ia i nā kumukūʻai ma mua o ke kūpono kālā. Ua hoʻomakaʻo Temasek i kahi keʻena o New York i ka makahiki 2013. Nānā nā mea hōʻoia e hoʻololiʻo Temasek i kona laulā mai ka liloʻana i nā lālā liʻiliʻi i nā poʻe i hoʻonohonohoʻia i nā poʻe i hoʻonohonoho ponoʻia.