3 Ke kumu No ke aha he mea nui ka nohoʻana o ka poʻe o WTO
Aia he 164 mau lālā o ka Hui HanaʻOihana . ʻO ia kahi 84 pakeneka o nā aupuni he 196 i ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Ua komo lākou i ka hauʻoli i nā pono o kaʻoihanaʻoihanaʻoihana nui i hāʻawiʻia e ka WTO.
ʻO ka pono o ka poʻe o ka WTO
Mālama ka WTO i ka kālepa ma waena o ka honua a holo mālie ma o kānaʻaelike kalepa . Uaʻike nā poʻe o ka WTO i nā kānāwai. Ua maopopo lākou i nā hoʻopaʻi no ka wāwahiʻana i nā rula. ʻIke lākou i ka pāʻaniʻana i ka pāʻani pili honua.
No laila, hiki ke hana i kahi isna kūʻai palekana no nā mea a pau.
Hāʻawi pū ke WTO i kona mau lālā me kahiʻano kūpono e hoʻoholo ai i nā hihia piliʻoihana. ʻAʻole lākou e komo i ka hanaʻino a me ka hakakā. Peheaʻo ka WTO e hoʻoholo ai i ka piliʻoihanaʻoihana . Ke pale nei ia i ka palekana kalepa, kahi hana e pale ai i ka ulu waiwai.
Mālama ka WTO i ka hoʻoponopono maikaʻiʻana i waena o kona mau lālā. ʻO kāna mau kūkākūkā lōʻihi loa i hala i Bali. ʻO kaʻaelike nui loaʻo ia ka Doha Round of Trade Talks . Ua hāʻuleʻo ia no ka meaʻaʻole makemakeʻoʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia a meʻEulopa e ho'ēmi i nā haʻawina mahiʻai.
ʻO nā lālā hoʻi e ho'ēmi ana i nā koina no ka hanaʻana i ka hana ma ka weheʻana i ka volatility . Kuhi kēia mau pono laulā i nā lālā a pau.
ʻEkolu mau kōkua kūikawā
Hāʻawiʻia ka WTO i nā pono kūponoʻekolu i nā lālā a pau. ʻO kēia mau kōkua kūikawā hiki ke kōkua i nā pono nui i haʻi muaʻia.
ʻO ka mea mua, hāʻawi ka WTO i kēlā me kēia mema o ka hapa nui o nā mea i manaʻoʻia e ka poʻe.
ʻAʻole lākou e hāʻawi i kekahi pāʻoihana kūpono i kekahi lālā me ka hāʻawiʻole aku i nā mea a pau.
ʻO ka lua, ua loaʻa i nā poʻe o ka WTO nā pale pānaʻi liʻiliʻi i kekahi me kekahi. ʻO ia hoʻi nā dute , nā huahana i laweʻia mai, a me nā rula. ʻO nā mea kālepaʻoihana liʻiliʻi e hāʻawi i nā lālā iʻoi aku kaʻoihana kūʻai no ko lākou waiwai ʻO nā makai nui aʻe e alakaʻi i nā kūʻaiʻoi aku,ʻoihanaʻoihana, a me ka uluʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai.
ʻO ke kolu,ʻo kahi oʻelua hapakolu o nā lālā o ka WTO he mau'āina ulu . ʻO ko lākou mau lālā e hāʻawi iā lākou i ke komo kokeʻana i nā makama'āina i kūkuluʻia ma ka lihi kūʻai palena haʻahaʻa. Hāʻawi kēia i ka manawa no ka loaʻaʻana i nā hui kūpilikiʻi a me nāʻoihana ulu. ʻAʻole lākou e wehe i nā kumukūʻai pānaʻi i ko lākou mau kūʻai a hiki i ka wā ma hope. ʻO ia keʻano o ka uluʻana i nā'āina,ʻaʻole koke e wehe i kā lākou mau kālepa i ka hoʻonāukiukiʻana i ka kaomi hoʻokūkū.
Ua hoʻonuiʻia nā lālā he kanakolukumamāono o ka WTO i nā'āina i hoʻolālāʻia a me nā LDC. Mālamaʻo Nā Aupuni Hui Pūʻokoʻa i kēlā kūlana i nā'āina haʻahaʻa me nā poʻemaka koʻikoʻi e ulu ai ke ulu waiwai. ʻO ka UN a me nā hui'ē aʻe e hāʻawi i kā lākou kōkua hou i ka hoʻomohalaʻana a me ke kālepa.
Nā Pono
ʻO kahi lālā o ka WTO e hele mai me nā kuleana. Uaʻae nā lālā e hōʻole i nā pāpāʻili kalepa a mālamaʻia e ka hoʻoholo a WTO no nā hihia. ʻO ia ke pale i ka kaua kālepaʻana. ʻO kēia mauʻoihana kālepa e kōkua i nā lāhui o kēlā me kēia lāhui i loko o ka wā pōkole ae hōʻeha i ka kālepa honua i ka wā lōʻihi. ʻO kēiaʻano o ka palekana kalepa, i kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua kaumaha i ka Pohā nui o ka makahiki 1929 . I ka hoʻomeʻewaʻana o nāʻoihana o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, uaʻimi nā'āina i ka paleʻana i nāʻoihanaʻoihana Ua kūkulu lākou i nā pale pāʻoihana.
Ua hana kēia mau mea i ka'ōkau haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻopiliʻia ke kalepa o ka Honua e 25 pakeneka.
Nā Memo o ka WTO ma o ka Kālā
He 76 mau lālā i hoʻokumuʻia ma ka WTO. Ua hoʻomaka lākou i ka hui ma Ianuali 1, 1995.
Aia iā'Asiaʻeono mau lālā o ka LDC. ʻO lākouʻo Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Laos, Mianmar, a me Nepal. ʻO kona mau lālā i hoʻokumuʻiaʻo Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei, Hong Kong, India , Indonesia, Japan , Korea, Kuwait, Macao, Malaysia, Mianmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, a me Thailand.
ʻO kona mau lālāʻo Armenia, Kina, Georgia, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Maldives, Mongolia, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Qatar, Lusia , Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taipei, Tajikistan, Turkey, United Arab Emirates , Viet Nam, a me Yemen.
ʻO Afelika ka poʻe i kohoʻia he mea i hoʻolālāʻoleʻia. ʻO lākouʻo Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Kepelika Central, Chad, Congo Democratic Republic, Djibouti, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal , Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, a me Uganda.
ʻO kona mau lālā i hoʻokumuʻiaʻo Cote d'Ivoire, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Senegal, Aferika Hema, Swaziland, Tanzania, a me Uganda.
ʻO kona mau lālā he Botswana, Cameroon, Congo Republic,ʻAigupita, Gabon, Ghana, Niger, Seychelles, Tunisia, Zambia, a me Zimbabwe.
ʻO Europe ka poʻe i kohoʻia ma WTO. Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany , Greece, Hungary, Iceland , Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia Republic, Sweden, and United Kingdom. Eia kekahi, he lālā hoʻokumu o ka Europa .
ʻO kona mau lālā,ʻo Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lichtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Polani, Slovenia, Sepania, Switzerland, a me Ukraine.
ʻO Central a meʻAmelika Hema kahi lālā LDC wale nō: Haiti. ʻO kona mau lālā i hoʻokumuʻiaʻo Antigua lāuaʻo Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Kanada, Costa Rica, Dominica, Honduras, Mexico , Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent a me nā Grenada, a meʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia.
ʻO kona mau lālā,ʻo Cape Verde, Kuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Saint Kitts a me Nevis, a me Trinidad a me Tobago.
ʻO Oceana he mau'āina LDCʻelua: ʻo Solomon Islands a me Vanuatu. ʻO kona lālā i hoʻokumuʻiaʻo Australia. ʻO nā lālāʻekolu'ē aʻeʻo Fji, New Zealand, a me Tonga.
ʻAʻohe poʻe LDC maʻAmelika Hema . ʻO kona mau lālā i hoʻokumuʻiaʻo Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, a me Venezuela. ʻO kona mau lālā he Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guiana, a me Suriname.
Nā Memo WTO e kū nei
Aia kahi WTO i kapaʻiaʻo Observer . Ua noi aku kēia mau'āina 20 i lilo i mau lālā. ʻAʻole naʻe no ka Vatican, loaʻa iā lākou nā makahikiʻelima e hoʻopau i ke kaʻina hana. Pehea ka'āina i lilo i lālā WTO ma muli o ka mana o ke aupuni e kūkā i nā papaʻeono.
ʻO nā lālā i hoʻolālāʻiaʻo Algeria, Andorra, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Belarus, Bhutan, Bosnia Herzegovina, Comoros, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Iran, Iraq, Lebanona, Libya, Sao Tome a me Principe, Serbia, Sudan, Syria, Uzbekistan, a me Vatican.
Nā Aupuni ma waho o ka WTO
ʻO nā mokupuni heʻumikumamāluaʻaʻole lākou he lālā aʻaʻole i noi aku e lilo i lālā. ʻO lākouʻo Eritrea, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Monaco, Nauru, North Korea, Palau, San Marino, Somalia, South Sudan, Turkmenistan, a me Tuvalu.