Ke Kūkākūkā nei ke Aupuni e pili ana i kaʻOihanaʻole?
ʻO ka U-3 ka helu i hōʻike pinepineʻia ma ka pāpāho. Ma ka loli U-3, helu wale ka Bureau of Labor Statistics i nā kānaka me ka hanaʻole i ka hana i ka poʻe hana . No ka nohoʻana i ka pūʻulu hana, uaʻimi lākou i kahi hana i nā pule heʻehā i hala.
ʻO ka U-6, aʻo ka liʻiliʻi maoliʻole, e komo pū me nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻoleʻia , nā mea pili , a me nā mea hanaʻeha. No kēlā kumu, ua aneane pālua ka pūʻulu U-3.
He poʻe hana manawaleʻa nā poʻe Undertmployed i makemake lākou i ka manawa lōʻihi. Ke helu nei ka BLS iā lākou e like me ka hana a me ka poʻe hana.
ʻO ka mea pili i ka poʻe iʻimi i ka hana i ka makahiki i hala,ʻaʻole i nā pule heʻehā i hala. ʻAʻole lākou i komo i loko o ka nui o ka poʻe komo lima .
Ma waena o nā mea e pili pū ana,ʻo ka poʻe hana hoʻonāwaliwali . Ua haʻalele lākou i kaʻimi 'ana i ka hana. Ua hiki iā lākou ke hoʻi i ke kula, ua hāpai, a ua hemo paha. Hiki paha a 'aʻole paha lākou e hoʻi i ka limahana, e like me ko lākou kūlana. I ka manawaʻaʻole lākou iʻimi i kahi hana i loko o 12 mau mahina,ʻaʻole lākou i helu houʻia e like me keʻano pilikino.
Hoʻopiʻi ka BLS iā U-3 a me ka U-6 ma ka hōʻike o nā hana o kēlā me kēia mahina. Ma keʻano kānalua,ʻaʻole i like ka nui o ka nānāʻana i ka'onikala i ka lakeneka hanaʻole.
Akā,ʻo ka luna hoʻomalu o Federal Reserve muaʻo Ianet Yellen i'ōlelo ia e kahakaha ana i keʻano o ka hanaʻole o ka US.
ʻO ka palapala kūlana kūponoʻole ma ka hoʻohanaʻana i nāʻikepili o kēia wā
Ma Malaki 2018,ʻo kaʻilikai hanaʻole (U-6) he 8.0 pakeneka. Ua aneane pālua ka hōʻiliʻili o ka poʻe hanaʻole (U-3) o ka 4.1 pakeneka.
Eia keʻano e hoʻolālā ai i nā meaʻelua.
Ka Papa 1. E helu i ka palena hana hanaʻole (U-3).
U-3 = 6.585 miliona mau hana hana / 161.763 miliona ma ka waihona hana = 4.1 pakeneka.
Ka Papa 2. E hoʻohui i nā mea hana lima. Aia 1,454 miliona kānaka i pili kokoke i ka poʻe hana. Hoʻohui i kēia i ka helu o ka poʻe hanaʻole a me ka poʻe hana.
U-5 = (6.585 miliona + 1.454 miliona) / (161.763 miliona + 1.454 miliona) = 8,039 miliona / 163.217 miliona = 4.9 pakeneka.
Mahele 3. Hoʻokomo i loko o nā limahana manawa manawa. He 5.019 miliona mau kānaka e hana nei i ka manawa lōʻihi akā makemake lākou i ka manawa lōʻihi. E hoʻonui iā lākou i ka poʻe hanaʻole me nā limahana lima. Aia lākou i loko o ka pūʻulu hana.
U-6 = (8,039 miliona + 5.019 miliona) / (163.217 miliona) = 13.058 miliona / 163.217 miliona = 8.1 pakeneka. (Source: "Papa A-15," ka Lime o ka Lime Helu Lāhui.)
E hoʻohālikelike i ka Nānā Loaʻa Loaʻole
No ka hoʻonohonohoʻana i nā mea ma keʻano, eia ke kaʻina hana hanaʻole e like me kaʻoiaʻiʻo maoli mai ka makahiki 1994.ʻO ia ka makahiki mua i hōʻiliʻiliʻia kaʻikepili BLS ma U-6. ʻO nā uku i hāʻawiʻia no Ianuali o kēlā me kēia makahiki. No kaʻikeʻana i ka nele i ka hana mai ka makahiki 1929, e hele i ka Nānā Loa Loa ma ka Makahiki .
Ma nā makahiki holoʻokoʻa, he liʻiliʻi ka pāʻaniʻoihana ma mua o ka hapa o ka nui maoli.
He pololei kēia mau mea no ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokele waiwai. I ka makahiki 2000, i ka manawa o ka palena maʻamau i lalo o ka hoʻolālā hanaʻole o 4.5 pakeneka,ʻo ka heluna maoli e aneane pālua, ma 7.1 pakeneka. I ka makahiki 2010, i ka nui loa o ka lakio hanaʻole ma ka 9.8 pakeneka, ua aneane pālua kaʻilikai maoli, ma 16.7 pakeneka.
| Makahiki (ʻo Ianuali) | U3 (Lunaʻike) | U6 (Real) | U3 / U6 | Nā pane |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1994 | 6.6% | 11.8% | 56% | ʻO ka makahiki muaʻo BLS i hōʻike iā U6 |
| 1995 | 5.6% | 10.2% | 55% | |
| 1996 | 5.6% | 9.8% | 57% | |
| 1997 | 5.3% | 9.4% | 56% | |
| 1998 | 4.6% | 8.4% | 55% | |
| 1999 | 4.3% | 7.7% | 56% | |
| 2000 | 4.0% (Kikokikona palapala) | 7.1% | 56% | Māleʻaleʻa nā makai i Malaki |
| 2001 | 4.2% | 7.3% | 58% | |
| 2002 | 5.7% | 9.5% | 60% | U3 kokoke aku i U6 |
| 2003 | 5.8% | 10.0% | 58% | |
| 2004 | 5.7% | 9.9% | 58% | |
| 2005 | 5.3% | 9.3% | 57% | |
| 2006 | 4.7% | 8.4% | 56% | |
| 2007 | 4.6% | 8.4% | 55% | |
| 2008 | 5.0% | 9.2% | 54% | |
| 2009 | 7.8% | 14.2% | 55% | Ke kiʻekiʻe o 10.2% maʻOkakopa |
| 2010 | 9.8% | 16.7% | 59% | |
| 2011 | 9.1% | 16.2% | 56% | |
| 2012 | 8.3% | 15.2% | 55% | |
| 2013 | 8.0% | 14.5% | 55% | |
| 2014 | 6.6% | 12.7% | 52% | |
| 2015 | 5.7% | 11.3% | 50% | |
| 2016 | 4.9% | 9.9% | 49% | Hoi pū lāua aʻelua i nā kauwae mua |
| 2017 | 4.8% | 9.4% | 51% | |
| 2018 | 4.4% | 8.2% | 50% |
ʻO ke kumu o ka hōʻoiaʻana e hoʻohālikelike i nā'ōkuhi i ka'ōlaʻa. Ināʻoe e'ōlelo ana ke moe nei ke aupuni i ka wā e hoʻokaeʻia ai, a laila, ponoʻoe e hoʻopaʻa i ka hakakā hoʻokahi inā he maikaʻi nā manawa. (Source: "Ka Papa A-1. NānāʻIke Noʻeau," Office of Labor Statistics.)
ʻAʻole i hewa kaʻOihana Loahewa Loaʻole i ka wā o ka Pōʻino
ʻO ka lōʻihi hanaʻole i ka wā o ka Great Depression he 25 pakeneka. Ua hoʻonuiʻia ka nui o nā huina hanaʻole i kēlā manawa, akā naʻe, like paha me ka mea maoli i kēia lā. Ua hiki anei i ka lakio hana maoli maoli ma ka Great Decession i kēlā pae? ʻOiai nā'ōlelo a nā poʻe he nui, he hōʻike maʻalahiʻole kēiaʻaʻole heʻoiaʻiʻo.
I ka malamaʻoʻOkakopa 2009, ua piʻi ka lakio hanaʻole (U-3) i ke kiʻekiʻe o 10.2 pakeneka. He 15.7 miliona mau hanaʻole ma waena o 153.98 miliona ma ka poʻe hana. E hoʻonui i ka 2.4 miliona e pili ana, e like me 808,000 mau hana kuhiluʻi, a loaʻa iāʻoe kahi o ka U-5 o 11.6 pakeneka. A laila hoʻohui i ka 9.3 miliona manawa manawahana i makemake i ka manawa piha, a loaʻa iāʻoe ka mahele U-6 o 17.5 pakeneka. Hāʻawiʻia ka manaʻo maikaʻi o ka hanaʻole o 2009.
No laila, inā hōʻoiʻoe i ka ho'ākāka o ka nele i ka hana e komo i loko o nā lima hana lima a me nā manawa manawa lōʻihi,ʻaʻohe hewa loa i ka wā o ka Great Depression . Akā,ʻo ka loaʻaʻole o ka hana iʻole ia kiʻekiʻe ma waena o ka Depression piha loa, i hala mau no 10 mau makahiki . Inā makemakeʻoe e hoʻopiʻi i ka hihia, hiki iāʻoe ke'ōlelo i ka loaʻaʻole o ka hanaʻole ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka Great Decession i ka nui loa o ka nele i ka hana ma nā hapa o ka Paha nui .